Neural basis of learning and memory Flashcards
Neural plasticity
The ability of the brain’s neural structure or function to be changed by experience.
Synaptic plasticity
The ability of a synapse to change overtime through use or disuse.
Long-term potentiation
The long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections through activity at the synapse, resulting in enhanced or more effective transmission.
It is experience dependent.
Long-term depression
The long-lasting decrease in the strength of synaptic connections and transmission through lack of stimulation of pre- and post-synaptic neurons or weak stimulation.
Similarities between long-term potentiation and depression
- Both are experience dependent
- Both involve glutamate
- Both are forms of long-lasting neural plasticity
Neurotransmitter
A chemical substance manufactured by the neuron that is transmitted across the synapse to deliver messages to neighbouring neurons.
They travel faster than neurohormones
Neurohormone
Is a chemical message manufactured by the neuron that is released from axon terminals directly into the bloodstream and carried to target neurons.
They travel more slowly compared to neurotransmitters
Glutamate - role in synaptic plasticity
It is the main excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory.
Due to its excitatory effect, the more it excites a neighbouring neuron, the more it contributes to LTP.
The less it excites a neighbouring neuron, the more it contributes to LTD.
Consolidation
The biological process of making a newly formed memory stable and persist after learning.
Adrenaline
A neurotransmitter that can act as a neurohormone. It is released from the adrenal glands that activates the sympathetic NS during a stressful situation.
Role of adrenaline in consolidation
Adrenaline can enhance the consolidation of long-term memories of emotionally arousing experiences.
Emotionally arousing experiences are more likely to be remembered due to the release of adrenaline.
