Neural Basis of Instrumental LEarning Flashcards
How is dopamine release stimulated?
Olds, 1958, through electircal stimulation of the ventral egmental area
What is the process that happens after stimulation of the VTA?
– dopamine release – nucleus accumbens dopaminergic reactions – motor cortex
Who showed evidence for dopamine being related to pleasurable activities in humans?
Mobbs et al, 2003 – human ( a thing that is pleasurable) activates NC (Area that receives dopaminergic input from the VTA)
Who gave a chemical to rats to determine role of dopamine?
Wise et al, 1978 - pimozide – inhibts dopamine transporter – explained why rats stopped respopnding to food rewards.
What hypothesis did they come up as a result of pimozide experiment?
Wise et al , 1978 - anhedonia hypothesis - dopamine makes things rewarding
Which disorder has reduced levels of dopamine?
Parkinson’s
Do Parkinson’s Patitents like tasty foodS?
Parkinson’s patitens rated foods as being just as pleasant as normal PPs
What sit he incentive salience hypothesis?
Dopamine is necessary for ‘wanting’ not liking – Berridge & Robinson, 1998
Evidence for incentive salience hypothesis in rats?
SAlmone et al, 2002 – rats with dopamine depletion will eat flavoursome foods as much as normal rats but will not work for it
What did the experiment about taking heiron tell us?
Kivatkin, 2002 – dopamine response was maximum at the tiem of pressing lever rather than receiving teh heroin
Is dopamine to do with prediction?
Schultz et al, 1997 – dopamine neurons = activated by rewarding events that are better than predicted, remain uninfluenced by events that are as predicted and are depressed by events that are worse than predicted
Who came up with a model about dopamine’s role in prediction and what was it?
Rescorla-WAgner (1972) – increment in learning = what happens- what you expect to happen
What effcet does the Rescorla-Wagner model explain?
the Kamin Blocking effect
What is the Kamin blocking effect
Codnition of an associatio nbetween 2 stimuli (CS & US) is impraired if during the conditioning process, the CS = presented together with a second CS that has already been associated with the US
Given an example of hte Kamin blocking effect in action
Light - food. Light - salivation
Light + tone - food. Tone - nothing
Tone doesn’t predict any new outcome.
