neural and neuromuscular diseases

Question 1

primary muscle disorders

Answer 1

dystrophy
myotonia
myasthenia
myositis

Question 2

muscular dystrophies

Answer 2

1) progressively degenerative diseases of skeletal muscle
2) basic disorder is within the muscle fiber
- nerves and neuromuscular junctions are normal
3) no dystrophin
- sarcomere unstable
- cell death
- fat and fibrous replace
- eventually spreads and fatal

Question 3

myotonia

Answer 3

?

Question 4

myasthnia

Answer 4

1) weakness
2) Neuromuscular transmission at the level of the NMJ via fault in Ach
3) autoantibodies
4) associated with thymoma

Question 5

myositis

Answer 5

1) multiple etiology
2) metaplasia
3) trauma

Question 6

trauma

Answer 6

1) concussion
2) contusion
- coup
- contrecoup
3) hematomas
- epi
- sub
- intraparenchymal
4) plegias
- C4
5) quad, hemi, para

Question 7

cerebral palsy

Answer 7

1) spastic most common
2) 50% cognitive impairment
3) non progressive motor deficits with paralysis and spastic movements
4) degree of severity is dependent ?

Question 8

cerebrovascular injuries

Answer 8

1) hypoxia
- seconds changes to neuron, mins irreversible brain damage
2) stroke
- hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia are risk factors
3) types of infarction
- hemorrhagic
- non hemorrhagic

• anticoagulation medications

Question 9

demyelinating

Answer 9

1) neurologic inflammatory conditions
2) activated immune cells invade CNS
2) myelin sheath is resorbed
4) charcots triad
- intention tremor
- nystagmus
- dysarthria

Question 10

Alzheimers

Answer 10

1) sporadic > familial
2) autopsy finds amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Question 11

degenerative

Answer 11

1) parkinsons disease
2) extrapyramidal diorders/show extrapyramidal features
2) automatic sensorimotor integration
3) chief pathologic change is depigmentation of substantia nigra (dopamine)

Question 12

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 12

1) affect motor neurons
2) muscle weakness and atrophy
3) bunina bodies
4) salivation, dysphonia, dysphagia, dysarthria

Question 13

infections

Answer 13

1) meningitis
- bacterial
- dura, arachnoid, pia
2) encephalitis
- viral
- parenchyma
3) spongiform encephalopathies
- prion, spongiform change
- creutzfeld jakob
- bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Question 14

epilesy

Answer 14

1) generalized
- motor (unconscious, tonal clonic, aura)
- non motor (consciousness, absent, repeated movement)
2) gingival hyperplasia
- phenytoin
- carbamezepine

Question 15

neuralgic pain

Answer 15

1) paroxymal pain extending along the course of one or more sensory nerves
2) artery compression
3) cluster headaches, blood shot eyes, lacrimation, nasal congestion

Question 16

bells palsy and frey’s syndrome

Answer 16

1) paralysis of the facial nerve
2) sweating when eating

Question 17

horner syndrome

Answer 17

1) compressing sympathetic
2) pupil constricts, sweating on the pace, drooping upper eyelids

Question 18

CNS neuoplasms

Answer 18

1) glioma
2) groups
- immature, support, lining CNS, outer layer

Question 19

neural syndromes with oral manifestations

Answer 19

1) neurofibromatosis type 1
- NOT NF2
2) lich nodules
3) ocular hamartoma

Question 20

tuberous sclerosis

Answer 20

1) tubular growth
2) seizures, etc.

Question 21

rewatch the recording lol

Answer 21

lol