Neural and hormonal

Question 1

what did Mann et all do and find?

Answer 1

he did an experiment on 35 healthy subjects and used dexaflenafluramine which depletes serotonin he found that males (not females) score more high on aggression scores

Question 2

what does low serotonin do?

Answer 2

it increases aggression it is found in the low prefrontal cortex is where low serotonin is found

Question 3

what does high levels of serotonin do?

Answer 3

it inhibits responses to the emotional stimuli that would lead to an aggressive response

Question 4

what does high levels of dopamine do?

Answer 4

increases aggression

Question 5

what did lavine et al find?

Answer 5

dopamine activity via the use of amphetamines has been associated with an increase in aggression

Question 6

what is testosterone?

Answer 6

it is a male sex hormone that has been thought to influence aggression from young adulthood onwards as it works on brain areas involves with aggression

Question 7

what did dabbs et al do and find?

Answer 7

measured salivary testosterone in violent and non-violent criminals those who had committed violent crimes had high levels of testosterone where as those who had committed non-violent crimes had low levels of testosterone

Question 8

what Is the challenge hypothesis?

Answer 8

it proposes that in monogamous species testosterone levels rise in response to social challenges. due to human being monogamous male testosterone levels would rise in response to such challenges, provided that the threat is related to reproduction competition e.g. dispute over a female

Question 9

what does high levels of cortisol do?

Answer 9

it inhibits testosterone levels and so decreases aggression

Question 10

what does low levels of cortisol do?

Answer 10

it increase the likelihood of aggressive behaviour

Question 11

what did Raleigh et al do and find?

Answer 11

he conducted a study using Vervet monkey. he found that the monkeys who were fed on experimental diet with high tryptophan (which increases serotonin) showed decreased levels I aggression where as those who were fed on experimental diets low in tryptophan had increased aggressive behaviour

Question 12

What is the link beween serotonin and aggressive behaviour?

Answer 12

drugs that clinically raise serotonin levels should produce decreased levels of aggressive behaviour

Question 13

what did bond establish?

Answer 13

antidepressant drugs do increase serotonin levels and that such drugs do tend to reduce irritability and aggression

Question 14

what’s a weakened of dopamine?

Answer 14

research is fairly inconclusive about the causal role of dopamine in aggression

Question 15

what has research suggested about dopamine?

Answer 15

that it’s influence might be as a consequence instead

Question 16

what did couppis and Kennedy find?

Answer 16

in mice dopamine is involved as a positive reinforcer in a reward pathway

Question 17

what does couppis and kennedy’s study suggest?

Answer 17

individuals will seek out aggressive encounters because they experience a rewarding sensation from it

Question 18

what did Albert et al claim?

Answer 18

despite many studies showing a positive correlation between testosterone an aggression many studies find no relationship particularly in studies who have compared testosterone levels of aggressive and less aggressive individuals

Question 19

what did mazur suggest?

Answer 19

suggested we Should distinguish aggression from dominance. mazur claims that aggression is just one form of dominance behaviour

Question 20

what study supports cortisol?

Answer 20

the four-year study of boys with behavioural problems

Question 21

why is neural and hormonal studies gender bias?

Answer 21

they mainly concentrate on males. a study showed that females who had a higher occupational status had higher testosterone levels

Question 22

why is neural and hormonal reductionist?

Answer 22

the link is not established as well in humans and biological explanation is insufficient on its own to all the many different aspects of aggressive and violent behaviour