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Computer Science > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a network

A

Two or more computers connected together that transmit data

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2
Q

What are protocols

A

Sets of rules defining how two devices communicate with each other

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3
Q

Why are protocols standard

A

So that devices from different manufacturers don’t have problems communicating

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4
Q

Describe the structure of the Internet

A

The Internet is a global network of
interconnected networks

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5
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

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6
Q

What does IP stand for?

A

Internet Protocol

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7
Q

What is the function of the application layer during data transmission?

A

The Application Layer specifies what protocols need to be used to relate the application to what it’s being used for

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8
Q

What is the role of the transport layer during data transmission

A

Establishes an end-to-end connection between the source and recipient computers. It also splits up the data into packets

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9
Q

What is the role of the network layer during data transmission

A

Adds the source and destination IP addresses

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10
Q

What is the function of the link layer during data transmission

A

Adds the MAC addresses to the packet

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11
Q

What does the application layer do when it receives data?

A

Presents data in the form it was sent

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12
Q

What does the transport layer do when it receives the data

A

Removes the port number and reassembles the packets

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13
Q

What does the network layer do when it receives the data

A

Removes the IP addresses

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14
Q

What does the link layer do when it receives the data

A

Removes the MAC addresses

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15
Q

What is a local area network

A

A network spread over a small geographical area / positioned on a single site

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16
Q

What is a wide area network?

A

A network spread over a large geographical area, usually requiring extra hardware

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17
Q

What does DNS stand for

A

Domain Name System

18
Q

What is DNS?

A

The name given to the method of naming
internet resources. (.com, .uk etc)

19
Q

What is circuit switching?

A

The process of creating a direct link
between two devices and transferring
data the entire duration of the link

20
Q

What is a requirement of circuit switching?

A

The transfer and download rates must be
identical on both devices

21
Q

What is packet switching?

A

A method of communicating packets of
data across a network

22
Q

Give an advantage of packet switching

A
  • Multiple methods to ensure data arrives correctly
  • Multiple methods to arrive to destination, if one breaks you can always go through another route
  • Transfer packets over a very large network
23
Q

Give a disadvantage of packet switching

A
  • Time is spent deconstructing and
    reconstructing the packets
24
Q

Give the advantages of circuit switching

A
  • Data arrives in a logical order which results in a quicker reconstruction of data
  • Enables two users to hold a call without any delay in speech
25
Q

Give the disadvantages of circuit switching

A
  • Bandwidth is wasted during periods when no data is sent
  • Devices must transfer and download at the same rate
  • Switches introduce electrical interference which can corrupt or destroy data
26
Q

What does the header of a data packet contain?

A
  • The sender and recipient IP addresses
  • Protocols being used
  • Order of the packets
  • The time to live / hop limit
27
Q

What does the packet payload contain?

A

The raw data

28
Q

What does the packet trailer contain

A

The checksum or cyclic redundancy check

29
Q

What is the purpose of a firewall?

A

To prevent unauthorised access to a
network

30
Q

What is a firewall made up of?

A
  • Two network interface cards
  • Firewall software
31
Q

What is a proxy

A

A web server that acts as an intermediary, collecting and sending data on behalf of a user, protecting their identity

32
Q

Give two advantages of using a proxy

A
  • Allows users to remain anonymous
  • Data can be cached making it faster to load
  • Reduces web traffic
33
Q

What is the function of a network interface card

A

Connects a computer to a network

34
Q

What is the function of a switch

A

Directs the flow of data across a network, commonly used in Star topologies

35
Q

What is the function of a router?

A

Connects two networks together

36
Q

What is the function of a gateway?

A

Connects two networks and translates protocols so they can communicate without any issues

37
Q

What is client-server networking

A

A relationship between terminals (computers) and a single server which allows them to communicate, and share resources

38
Q

Give an advantage of client-server networking

A
  • Increased security
  • Central single backups
  • Data and resources can be shared
39
Q

Name the disadvantages of client-server networking

A
  • Expensive to set up
  • Trained staff are required to maintain
    the network
40
Q

What is peer-to-peer networking?

A

A network where the terminals are all connected to each other to share resources

41
Q

Give two advantages of peer-to-peer networks

A
  • Cheaper to set up
  • Easy to share resources
  • Easy to maintain
42
Q

Give two disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks

A
  • Peer-to-Peer networks can be used to
    contribute towards piracy
  • Each computer has to be backed up
    independently

Computer Science (10 decks)

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