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Computer Science IGCSE > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

Standalone computer

A

A computer that is not connected to a network

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2
Q

Network

A

An arrangement(or group or setup) of two or more computers that are connected together for the purpose of sharing resources and/or data.

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3
Q

Internet of Things (IoT)

A

A network of physical objects that use sensors, actuators, embedded systems and wireless technology such as WiFi, Bluetooth and Zigbee, to collect and exchange data, with minimal or no human interaction.

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4
Q

VoIP

A

Voice of Internet Protocol

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5
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network

Example:
- School network

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6
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network

Example:
- Bank network

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7
Q

WLAN

A

Wireless Local Area Network

Example:
- Hand held scanners

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8
Q

Server

A

A computer connected to a network used to coordinate(store and share) vast amounts of data.

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9
Q

Latency

A

The time it takes for a message to transfer (ms). Also known as ping.

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10
Q

Internet

A
  • An interconnected network or network of networks.
  • Most networks are part of the internet.
  • Consists of multiple cables or links that connect countries together, and can be though of as the backbone.
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11
Q

Packet switching

A
  • Breaking down a large amount of data into small packets, each packet is independent of one another.
  • Each packet is tagged (has a header) with the recipient and source IP, checksum and a sequence number for the packets to be put back in order at the destination and checksum
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12
Q

Server

A

A computer connected to a network used to coordinate(store and share) vast amounts of data.

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13
Q

Network topology

A

A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer systems or network devices are connected to each other.

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14
Q

Bus topology

A

In a bus topology, all nodes in the network are connected directly to a central cable that runs up and down the network.

Advantages:
- Cheap since little cabling needed
- It still works if a node fails
- Easy to add extra devices

Disadvantages:
- If the central cable is damaged the network stops working
- More devices, slower since more collisions
- All nodes can access all traffic can be security risk

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15
Q

Ring topology

A

In a ring topology network, each node is connected to two other devices.

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16
Q

Star topology

A

In a star topology, all nodes indirectly connect to each other through one or more switches. The switch acts as a central point through which all communications are passed.

Advantages:
- Still works if a node fails
- Damaged cable doesn’t stop the network from working
- Data traffic only sent to intended recipient, secure
- Easy to add extra nodes

Disadvantages:
- If central node fails, network stops working
- Network capacity depends on central node’s capacity
- Many cables, expensive and difficult to set up

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17
Q

Mesh topology

A

In a mesh topology, there is no central connection point. Instead, each node is connected to at least one other node.

Advantages:
- Very fault tolerant, if a connection fails, message is re-routed
- Nodes can be added/removed without having take network offline
- Very scalable
- Very high performance, each node is connected to many other nodes

Disadvantages:
- Many cables, difficult and expensive to set up

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18
Q

Router

A

Manages communication on the network. Can have a built-in wireless access point (WAP).

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19
Q

TCP

A
  • Transmission Control Protocol
  • Responsible for delivering data to a given address (packet switching)
  • Transport layer
20
Q

Modem

A

Modulator/Demodulator

21
Q

HTTP

A
  • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
  • Application layer
22
Q

SMTP

A
  • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
  • Application layer
23
Q

IP

A
  • Internet protocol
  • Responsible for obtaining the address to which data is sent.
  • Internet layer
24
Q

TCP/IP

A
  • Layered protocol stack (Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, Link layer)
  • Collection of protocols
  • It sets how data should be formatted and transmitted across networks
24
Q

Web server

A

Holds and shares web pages

25
Q

File server

A

Holds and maintains user files

26
Q

Mail server

A

Handles emails between users

27
Q

Methods to protect networks

A
  • Access control: Ensures that only authorised users can access the network and its resources
  • Authentication (User management) : Ensures that users can only access data relevant to them
  • File permissions: Prevents misuse: deleting/copying data, installing software
  • Physical security: Prevents damage to hardware
  • Firewall: Acts as a barrier between an organisation’s internal network and the internet. Inspects incoming and outgoing data traffic and decides what data to allow through
28
Q

Importance of network security

A
  • Business success: data on the network is vital for running an organisation, it might fail if comprimised
  • Privacy: data on the network might be sensitive
  • Financial: the data might be financially valuable
29
Q

Vulnerabilities of the cloud

A

Cloud data centres attract many attacks due to the vast amount of information stored, sensitive data is best stored locally.

30
Q

Ethical hacking

A

Looks for weaknesses in software and systems by trying to penetrate into them so that they can be addressed.

31
Q

Penetration testing

A

Used to test a computer system or network in order to find vulnerabilities

32
Q

Social engineering

A

Exploiting human behavior. The attacker will ‘engineer’ a situation where the target individuals give away confidential information

33
Q

Unpatched software

A

Someone can exploit a vulnerability in an unpatched (unfixed) software that still has that vulnerability

34
Q

Anti-malware software

A

Prevents infection by malware by searching for it and destroying it

35
Q

Encryption

A

Scambles data for anyone who doesn’t have the key to unscramble it.

36
Q

Asymmetric encryption

A
  • Uses two different keys
  • Every user has two keys (public and private)
  • A message encrypted with a public key can only be decrypted with its private key
37
Q

Symmetric encryption

A
  • Uses one key
  • Encrypts and decrypts data using the same key
  • Both ends of the transmission must know the exact shared key
38
Q

Symmetric encryption

A
  • Uses one key
  • Encrypts and decrypts data using the same key
  • Both ends of the transmission must know the exact shared key
39
Q

Link layer

A
  • Ethernet
  • Wi-Fi
40
Q

Internet layer

A

IP

41
Q

Transport layer

A

TCP

42
Q

Application layer

A
  • FTP
  • HTTP
  • HTTPS
  • SMTP
  • POP
  • IMAP
43
Q

POP

A
  • Post Office Protocol
  • Used by a client to retrieve emails from a mail server, message deleted on download, it will be stored on the device it was read/downloaded from
44
Q

IMAP

A
  • Internet Message Access Protocol
  • Similar to POP but messages can be read and stored on the message server. The message left on the server on read. Hence accesible from any device
45
Q

Package switching verification

A
  • Checksum for package computed before leaving the computer
  • Checksum added to the header
  • At recipient, checksum is re-computed
  • If don’t match, re-send request is sent back

Computer Science IGCSE (4 decks)

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