Data Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is the binary system used?

A

Components inside computers have billions of transistors. Binary is used to represent the transistors inside the component. Transistors can be on or off (1 or 0).

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2
Q

Overflow

A

When the result of a binary calculation requieres more bits than are available in the computer hardware (register)

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3
Q

Two’s complement, denary to binary

A
  1. Remove the - sign
  2. Convert the number to binary
  3. Flip the bits
  4. Add 1
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4
Q

Two’s complement, binary to denary

A
  1. Remove 1
  2. Flip the bits
  3. Convert to denary
  4. Add a negative sign (if the original number started with a 1)
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5
Q

Logical shifts

A

When doubling, shift/move all bits to the left
When halving, shift/move all bits to the right

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6
Q

Bit

A

Binary digit

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7
Q

Image file size formula

A

File size(bits) = width(px) x height(px) x colour depth(bits)

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8
Q

Hexadecimal

A
  • Used to avoid errors when manipulating numbers
  • Represent binary numbers using smaller digits (1 hexadecimal digit = 1 nibble)
  • Computers don’t process hexadecimal
  • 0-F
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9
Q

Units

A

kilobit - 1000 bits
megabit - 1000^2 bits
gigabit - 1000^3 bits

kilobyte - 8 x 1000 bits
megabyte - 8 x 1000^2 bits
gigabyte - 8 x 1000^3

kibibyte - 8 x 1024 bits
mebibyte - 8 x 1024^2 bits
gibibyte - 8 x 1024^3 bits

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10
Q

Compression

A

Reduce file sizes by repackging or removing some data

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11
Q

Lossless compression

A
  • Reduce file size while retaining the exact meaning of the original data.
  • Works by looking for redundancy where the same data is stored many times and groups this data into one reference
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12
Q

Lossy compression

A

It reduces file size by permanently deleting some of its data.

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13
Q

How is text represented

A

Characters in texts

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13
Q

How are characters in text represented

A
  • Using the ASCII table, each character has a unique bit pattern.
  • Is a 7-bit code, there are 128 sequences/patterns.
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14
Q

How to computers record sound

A

With a microphone (or a recording device) a computer will take samples at a fixed interval (usually thousands of samples per second), it will then convert these values into binary to be stored in a file.

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15
Q

Audio file size formula

A

file size (bits) = sample rate(Hz) x bit depth(bits) x recording length (seconds)

16
Q

Signed and Unsigned integer

A
  • An unsigned integer has no positive or negative sign, a signed one does.
  • Signed: -8, +8
  • Unsigned: 8
17
Q

Flowchart symbols

A

Terminal/”Sausage” - Start/Stop
Rectangle - Process
Diamond- If/elif/else (conditionals)
Parallelogram - Input / Output
Rectangle with vertical borders - Subprograms

18
Q

Iteration

A

A repetition of code

19
Q

Decomposition

A

Breaking down a bigger problem into smaller parts

20
Q

Abstraction

A

Removing unnecessary details so that only the most important details remain

21
Q

Error types

A
  • Syntax
  • Logic
  • Runtime