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Networking > Networking: Physical and Data Link Layers > Flashcards

Networking: Physical and Data Link Layers Flashcards

1
Q

Bit

A

The smallest representation of data that a computer can understand

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2
Q

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

A

A protocol by which routers share data with each other

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3
Q

Broadcast

A

A type of Ethernet transmission, sent to every single device on a LAN

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4
Q

Broadcast address

A

A special destination used by an Ethernet broadcast composed by all Fs

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5
Q

Cable categories

A

Groups of cables that are made with the same material. Most network cables used today can be split into two categories, copper and fiber

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6
Q

Cables

A

Insulated wires that connect different devices to each other allowing data to be transmitted over them

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7
Q

Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

A

CSMA/CD is used to determine when the communications channels are clear and when the device is free to transmit data

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8
Q

Collision domain

A

A network segment where only one device can communicate at a time

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9
Q

Computer networking

A

The full scope of how computers communicate with each other

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10
Q

Copper cable categories

A

These categories have different physical characteristics like the number of twists in the pair of copper wires. These are defined as names like category (or cat) 5, 5e, or 6, and how quickly data can be sent across them and how resistant they are to outside interference are all related to the way the twisted pairs inside are arranged

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11
Q

Crosstalk

A

Crosstalk is when an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected on another wire

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12
Q

Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC)

A

A mathematical transformation that uses polynomial division to create a number that represents a larger set of data. It is an important concept for data integrity and is used all over computing, not just network transmissions

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13
Q

Data packet

A

An all-encompassing term that represents any single set of binary data being sent across a network link

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14
Q

Datalink layer

A

The layer in which the first protocols are introduced. This layer is responsible for defining a common way of interpreting signals, so network devices can communicate

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15
Q

Destination MAC address

A

The hardware address of the intended recipient that immediately follows the start frame delimiter

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16
Q

Duplex communication

A

A form of communication where information can flow in both directions across a cable

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17
Q

Ethernet

A

The protocol most widely used to send data across individual links

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18
Q

Ethernet frame

A

A highly structured collection of information presented in a specific order

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19
Q

EtherType field

A

It follows the Source MAC Address in a dataframe. It’s 16 bits long and used to describe the protocol of the contents of the frame

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20
Q

Fiber cable

A

Fiber optic cables contain individual optical fibers which are tiny tubes made of glass about the width of a human hair. Unlike copper, which uses electrical voltages, fiber cables use pulses of light to represent the ones and zeros of the underlying data

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21
Q

Five layer model

A

A model used to explain how network devices communicate. This model has five layers that stack on top of each other: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application

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22
Q

Frame check sequence

A

It is a 4-byte or 32-bit number that represents a checksum value for the entire frame

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23
Q

Full duplex

A

The capacity of devices on either side of a networking link to communicate with each other at the exact same time

24
Q

Half-duplex

A

It means that, while communication is possible in each direction, only one device can be communicating at a time

25
Q

Hexadecimal

A

A way to represent numbers using a numerical base of 16

26
Q

Hub

A

It is a physical layer device that broadcasts data to every computer connected to it

27
Q

Internet Protocol (IP)

A

The most common protocol used in the network layer

28
Q

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A

A company that provides a consumer an internet connection

29
Q

Internetwork

A

A collection of networks connected together through routers - the most famous of these being the Internet

30
Q

Line coding

A

Modulation used for computer networks

31
Q

Local Area Network (LAN)

A

A single network in which multiple devices are connected

32
Q

Modulation

A

A way of varying the voltage of a constant electrical charge moving across a standard copper network cable

33
Q

Multicast frame

A

If the least significant bit in the first octet of a destination address is set to one, it means you’re dealing with a multicast frame. A multicast frame is similarly set to all devices on the local network signal, and it will be accepted or discarded by each device depending on criteria aside from their own hardware MAC address

34
Q

Network layer

A

It’s the layer that allows different networks to communicate with each other through devices known as routers. It is responsible for getting data delivered across a collection of networks

35
Q

Network port

A

The physical connector to be able to connect a device to the network. This may be attached directly to a device on a computer network, or could also be located on a wall or on a patch panel

36
Q

Network switch

A

It is a level 2 or data link device that can connect to many devices so they can communicate. It can inspect the contents of the Ethernet protocol data being sent around the network, determine which system the data is intended for and then only send that data to that one system

37
Q

Node

A

Any device connected to a network. On most networks, each node will typically act as a server or a client

38
Q

Octet

A

Any number that can be represented by 8 bits

39
Q

Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)

A

The first three octets of a MAC address

40
Q

OSI model

A

A model used to define how network devices communicate. This model has seven layers that stack on top of each other: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application

41
Q

Patch panel

A

A device containing many physical network ports

42
Q

Payload

A

The actual data being transported, which is everything that isn’t a header

43
Q

Physical layer

A

It represents the physical devices that interconnect computers

44
Q

Preamble

A

The first part of an Ethernet frame, it is 8 bytes or 64 bits long and can itself be split into two sections

45
Q

Protocol

A

A defined set of standards that computers must follow in order to communicate properly

46
Q

Simplex communication

A

A form of data communication that only goes in one direction across a cable

47
Q

Source MAC address

A

The hardware address of the device that sent the ethernet frame or data packet. In the data packet it follows the destination MAC address

48
Q

Start Frame Delimiter (SFD)

A

The last byte in the preamble, that signals to a receiving device that the preamble is over and that the actual frame contents will now follow

49
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

The data transfer protocol most commonly used in the fourth layer. This protocol requires an established connection between the client and server

50
Q

Transport layer

A

The network layer that sorts out which client and server programs are supposed to get the data

51
Q

Twisted pair cable

A

The most common type of cabling used for connecting computing devices. It features pairs of copper wires that are twisted together

52
Q

Unicast transmission

A

A unicast transmission is always meant for just one receiving address

53
Q

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

A transfer protocol that does not rely on connections. This protocol does not support the concept of an acknowledgement. With UDP, you just set a destination port and send the data packet

54
Q

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

A

It is a technique that lets you have multiple logical LANs operating on the same physical equipment

55
Q

VLAN header

A

A piece of data that indicates what the frame itself is. In a data packet it is followed by the EtherType

Networking (7 decks)

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