Networking: Network Services Flashcards

1
Q

“A” record

A

The most common resource record, used to point a certain domain name at a certain IPv4 IP address

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2
Q

Anycast

A

A technique that’s used to route traffic to different destinations depending on factors like location, congestion, or link health

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3
Q

Automatic allocation

A

A range of IP addresses is set aside for assignment purposes

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4
Q

Caching and recursive name servers

A

They are generally provided by an ISP or your local network, and their purpose is to store domain name lookups for a certain amount of time

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5
Q

CNAME

A

A resource record used to map one domain to another

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6
Q

DHCP discovery

A

The process by which a client configured to use DHCP attempts to get network configuration information

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7
Q

Domain Name System (DNS)

A

A global and highly distributed network service that resolves strings of letters, such as a website name, into an IP address

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8
Q

DNS zones

A

A portion of space in the Domain Name System (DNS) that is controlled by an authoritative name server

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9
Q

Domain

A

Used to demarcate where control moves from a top-level domain name server to an authoritative name server

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10
Q

Domain name

A

A website name; the part of the URL following www

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11
Q

Dynamic allocation

A

A range of IP addresses is set aside for client devices and one of these IPs is issued to these devices when they request one

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12
Q

Fixed allocation

A

Requires a manually specified list of MAC address and the corresponding IPs

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13
Q

Fully qualified domain name

A

When you combine all the parts of a domain together

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14
Q

IP masquerading

A

The NAT obscures the sender’s IP address from the receiver

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15
Q

MX record

A

It stands for mail exchange and this resource record is used in order to deliver email to the correct server

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16
Q

Name resolution

A

This process of using DNS to turn a domain name into an IP address

17
Q

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A

A mitigation tool that lets organizations use one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network

18
Q

NS record

A

It indicates other name servers that may also be responsible for a particular zone

19
Q

NTP servers

A

Used to keep all computers on a network synchronized in time

20
Q

Pointer resource record

A

It resolves an IP to a name

21
Q

Port forwarding

A

A technique where specific destination ports can be configured to always be delivered to specific nodes

22
Q

Port preservation

A

A technique where the source port chosen by a client, is the same port used by the router

23
Q

Proxy service

A

A server that acts on behalf of a client in order to access another service

24
Q

Quad A (AAAA) record

A

It is very similar to an A record except that it returns in IPv6 address instead of an IPv4 address

25
Recursive name servers
Servers that perform full DNS resolution requests
26
Reverse lookup zone files
They let DNS resolvers ask for an IP, and get the FQDN associated with it returned
27
Reverse proxy
A service that might appear to be a single server to external clients, but actually represents many servers living behind it
28
Round robin
It is a concept that involves iterating over a list of items one by one in an orderly fashion
29
SRV record
A service record used to define the location of various specific services
30
Start of authority
A declaration of the zone and the name of the name server that is authoritative for it
31
Top Level Domain (TLD)
The top level of the DNS or the last part of a domain name. For example, the “com” in www.weather.com
32
Time-To-Live field (TTL)
An 8-bit field that indicates how many router hops a datagram can traverse before it's thrown away
33
Two-factor authentication
A technique where more than just a username and password are required to authenticate. Usually, a short-lived numerical token is generated by the user through a specialized piece of hardware or software
34
TXT record
It stands for text and was originally intended to be used only for associating some descriptive text with a domain name for human consumption
35
Types of DNS servers
There are five primary types of DNS servers; caching name servers, recursive name servers, root name servers, TLD name servers, and authoritative name servers
36
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A technology that allows for the extension of a private or local network, to a host that might not work on that same local network
37
Zone Files
Simple configuration files that declare all resource records for a particular zone