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Computer Science > Networking Basics - Networks & OSI Model > Flashcards

Networking Basics - Networks & OSI Model Flashcards

1
Q

Digital Device

A

Any object that has a computer / microcontroller

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2
Q

Microcontroller

A

Microcomputer on a single chip - used to control some devices: automobile engine / toy

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3
Q

Digital

A

Property of representing values as discrete (often binary) numbers rather than a continuous spectrum

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4
Q

Network

A

Multiple computers & other devices connected to each other to share information

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5
Q

Data

A

Representation of facts/data in a formal manner capable of being communicated/manipulated by some process

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6
Q

Digitization

A

Conversion of data / information from analog to digital binary

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7
Q

Binary Code

A

Code that uses the binary digits 0 & 1 - usually in groups of 8 to represent characters, machine instructions, or other data

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8
Q

Binary

A

Being in 1 of 2 mutually exclusive states: such as on or off - binary states are often represented as 1 & 0

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9
Q

Bit

A

Smallest unit of storage in digital computer, consisting of binary digits

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10
Q

Byte

A

Unit of computing storage equal to 8 bits - can represent any of 256 distinct values

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11
Q

Digital Data

A

Any type of information that can be digitized & transmitted over a network: text, files, photographs, videos, voice calls

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12
Q

Networks

A

Enable digital devices to communicate with each other by sharing digital data

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13
Q

Digitization

A

Process of converting: written text, voice, video into binary code

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14
Q

Computer Network

A

Computers & other digital devices connected to each other to share resources

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15
Q

Peripheral Device

A

Electronic device that is outside the computer’s system unit (external to the computer’s enclosing case) but used by the computer to which it is connected: printer / scanner

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16
Q

Host

A

Any computer attached to a network

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17
Q

Wired Networks

A

Networks that use various types of network cables to carry signals from device to device

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18
Q

Radio Frequency (RF)

A

Electromagnetic spectrum in which radio waves are transmitted

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19
Q

Local Area Network (LAN)

A

Interconnection of computers that are in relatively close proximity to each other, such as within a building

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20
Q

SOHO

A

Small office / home office

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21
Q

Bandwidth

A

Rate of data flow in digital networks typically measured in bits per second; bit rate

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22
Q

Latency

A

Delay or a period between the initiation of something & the occurrence

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23
Q

Protocol

A

Set of formal rules describing how to transmit / exchange data, especially across a network

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24
Q

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

A

Network typically attached to a LAN to provide mobility to local users by way of wireless RF connection

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25
Q

Wi-Fi

A

Wireless data communication standard

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26
Q

Access Point

A

Wireless radio that transmits & receives Wi-Fi signals

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27
Q

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

A

Subnetwork of a LAN that enables specific groups of computers to communicate as if they were connected to the same network hardware

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28
Q

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A

Computer network that covers a large geographic area, scalable: able to be changed in scale; resizeable

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29
Q

Personal Area Network (PAN)

A

Type of wireless computer network that covers a very small geographic area

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30
Q

Wireless

A

Communicated without a wired connection, such as radio waves

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31
Q

Bluetooth

A

Wireless protocol used in personal area networks

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32
Q

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A

Computer network that covers the area of a large city, up to 25 mile radius

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33
Q

Metro Ethernet

A

Metropolitan area network (MAN) connected services provided by a telecommunications service provider

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34
Q

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

A

Networking technology that routes traffic using the shortest path based on labels to handle forwarding

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35
Q

Internet Service Provider

A

Company that provides internet access for a fee

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36
Q

Fiber-Optic Cable

A

Type of networking cable made of glass that transports light to represent data

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37
Q

Campus Area Network (CAN)

A

Network that encompasses several buildings

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38
Q

Storage Area Network (SAN)

A

Network of high-capacity storage devices that are connected by a high-speed connection

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39
Q

Network Architecture

A

Design of computer network

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40
Q

Peer-to-Peer Network

A

Network of connected peer computers with no central controller

41
Q

Client-Server Network

A

Network in which a client computer requests resources from a server computer

42
Q

Server

A

Powerful computer running a network operating systems that responds to client requests

43
Q

Client

A

Computer that requests a service

44
Q

Network Operating System

A

Software for controlling the allocation & use of various hardware resources & access to networked resources.

45
Q

Network Topology

A

Describes the shape of a network

46
Q

Physical Topology

A

Physical placement of the various components of a network

47
Q

Logical Topology

A

How data flows within a network

48
Q

Star-Wired Bus Topology

A

Hybrid network topology that is cabled in a physical star topology but has a protocol that works logically as if it were operating on a bus topology

49
Q

Bus Topology

A

All computers are connected to a single straight cable installed in a workspace

50
Q

Fault Topology

A

Property that enables a system to continue operating in the event of 1 failure / several failures of some of its components

51
Q

Star Topology

A

Each computer is connected by a dedicated cable to centralized network device: hub / switch

52
Q

Ring Topology

A

Network of computers on a cable that is configured in a circle

53
Q

Full Mesh Topology

A

Network where each device that has a dedicated connection to every other device

54
Q

Partial Mesh Topology

A

Network where each device has a dedicated connection to many - but not all - devices

55
Q

Point-to-Point Topology

A

Direct connection between 2 routers/switches, which provides 1 communication path

56
Q

Hybrid Topology

A

Combination of 2/more types of physical/logical network topologies working together within the same network

57
Q

Network Backbone

A

Where all of the network segments & servers connect to

58
Q

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

A

Conceptual framework that helps us understand how 1 computer / digital device can communicate with another computer / digital device

59
Q

Interoperability

A

To work together

60
Q

TCP/IP

A

Standard for computer network communication, used in particular for the internet

61
Q

Application Layer

A

Layer 7 - Layer where users communicate with the network stack through application program interfaces, or APIs, that connect the application in use to the operating system of the computer

62
Q

Application Programming Interface (API)

A

Computer code in an application that calls for remote networked services

63
Q

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

A

Used to instruct browsers on how to format & display World Wide Web content

64
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A

Protocol use most commonly to transfer webpages & accompanying data over the internet

65
Q

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A

Used to move a file form 1 computer to another with a guarantee of delivery

66
Q

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

A

Used to move a file from 1 computer to another without a guarantee of delivery

67
Q

Protocol Stack

A

Implementation of a computer networking protocol suite / protocol family: e.g., TCP/IP

68
Q

Presentation Layer

A

Layer 6 - Layer that presents the data to the Application Layer & is responsible for data translation & computer code formatting

69
Q

Session Layer

A

Layer 5 - Responsible for: setting up, managing, then tearing down communications sessions between networked computers

70
Q

Simplex

A

Unidirectional; a one-way transmission

71
Q

Half Duplex

A

Providing communication in both directions, but only 1 direction at a time - not simultaneously

72
Q

Full Duplex

A

Describing a duplex system in which both parties can communicate with each other simultaneously

73
Q

OSI Model

A

Conceptual Model that we use for a reference to understand & talk about how data networks operate in theory

74
Q

Transport Layer

A

Layer 4 - Set up end-to-end network connections, & manages segmentation, sequencing, & reassembly

75
Q

Segmentation

A

Process of dividing long Application Layer data streams into pieces

76
Q

Sequencing

A

Process of numbering segments

77
Q

Reassembly

A

Process of putting numbered segments into the correct order

78
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

Connection-oriented Transport Layer (Layer 4) protocol

79
Q

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

Connectionless Transport Layer (Layer 4) protocol

80
Q

Best-Effort Service

A

Network transmission via a connectionless protocol that does not guarantee delivery

81
Q

TCP/IP

A

Suite of networking protocols

82
Q

Connection-Oriented

A

Data delivery is guaranteed

83
Q

Connectionless

A

Data delivery is not guaranteed

84
Q

Address

A

Number of identifying a location on the internet / other network

85
Q

Router

A

Network Layer (Layer 3) that forwards packets based on IP address

86
Q

Internet Protocol (IP)

A

Network Layer (Layer 3) protocol that enables connectivity between different networks

87
Q

IP Address

A

Address that identifies a host computer at Network Layer (Layer 3)

88
Q

Packet

A

Unit of data at Network Layer (Layer 3)

89
Q

Media Access Control (MAC) Address

A

Physical address that uniquely identifies a device at Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

90
Q

Frame

A

Unit of data at Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

91
Q

Ethernet

A

Protocol for wired local area networks at Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

92
Q

Media Access Control (MAC) Sublayer

A

Defines how packets are placed on the media by the Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

93
Q

Logical Link Control (LLC) Sublayer

A

Responsible for identifying Network Layer (Layer 3) protocols & then encapsulating them at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

94
Q

Physical Layer

A

Layer 1 - Signals representing data are transmitted across a physical media like wired cables / wireless radio frequency

95
Q

Media

A

Wired cables / wireless radio frequency

96
Q

Bit

A

Unit of data at Physical Layer (Layer 1)

97
Q

Technical Standard

A

Set of norms / requirements for a responsible technical works where it used common & repeated use of rules & guidelines for: protocols, processes, or management systems practices

98
Q

Encapsulation

A

Adding a header of layer specific information to the data passed down from an upper layer

99
Q

Protocol Data Units (PDUs)

A

Protocol-specific information used in the encapsulation process

Computer Science (4 decks)

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