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Networking Basics - Networks & OSI Model Flashcards

1
Q

Digital Device

A

Any object that has a computer / microcontroller

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2
Q

Microcontroller

A

Microcomputer on a single chip - used to control some devices: automobile engine / toy

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3
Q

Digital

A

Property of representing values as discrete (often binary) numbers rather than a continuous spectrum

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4
Q

Network

A

Multiple computers & other devices connected to each other to share information

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5
Q

Data

A

Representation of facts/data in a formal manner capable of being communicated/manipulated by some process

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6
Q

Digitization

A

Conversion of data / information from analog to digital binary

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7
Q

Binary Code

A

Code that uses the binary digits 0 & 1 - usually in groups of 8 to represent characters, machine instructions, or other data

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8
Q

Binary

A

Being in 1 of 2 mutually exclusive states: such as on or off - binary states are often represented as 1 & 0

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9
Q

Bit

A

Smallest unit of storage in digital computer, consisting of binary digits

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10
Q

Byte

A

Unit of computing storage equal to 8 bits - can represent any of 256 distinct values

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11
Q

Digital Data

A

Any type of information that can be digitized & transmitted over a network: text, files, photographs, videos, voice calls

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12
Q

Networks

A

Enable digital devices to communicate with each other by sharing digital data

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13
Q

Digitization

A

Process of converting: written text, voice, video into binary code

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14
Q

Computer Network

A

Computers & other digital devices connected to each other to share resources

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15
Q

Peripheral Device

A

Electronic device that is outside the computer’s system unit (external to the computer’s enclosing case) but used by the computer to which it is connected: printer / scanner

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16
Q

Host

A

Any computer attached to a network

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17
Q

Wired Networks

A

Networks that use various types of network cables to carry signals from device to device

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18
Q

Radio Frequency (RF)

A

Electromagnetic spectrum in which radio waves are transmitted

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19
Q

Local Area Network (LAN)

A

Interconnection of computers that are in relatively close proximity to each other, such as within a building

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20
Q

SOHO

A

Small office / home office

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21
Q

Bandwidth

A

Rate of data flow in digital networks typically measured in bits per second; bit rate

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22
Q

Latency

A

Delay or a period between the initiation of something & the occurrence

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23
Q

Protocol

A

Set of formal rules describing how to transmit / exchange data, especially across a network

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24
Q

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

A

Network typically attached to a LAN to provide mobility to local users by way of wireless RF connection

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25
Wi-Fi
Wireless data communication standard
26
Access Point
Wireless radio that transmits & receives Wi-Fi signals
27
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
Subnetwork of a LAN that enables specific groups of computers to communicate as if they were connected to the same network hardware
28
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Computer network that covers a large geographic area, scalable: able to be changed in scale; resizeable
29
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Type of wireless computer network that covers a very small geographic area
30
Wireless
Communicated without a wired connection, such as radio waves
31
Bluetooth
Wireless protocol used in personal area networks
32
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Computer network that covers the area of a large city, up to 25 mile radius
33
Metro Ethernet
Metropolitan area network (MAN) connected services provided by a telecommunications service provider
34
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Networking technology that routes traffic using the shortest path based on labels to handle forwarding
35
Internet Service Provider
Company that provides internet access for a fee
36
Fiber-Optic Cable
Type of networking cable made of glass that transports light to represent data
37
Campus Area Network (CAN)
Network that encompasses several buildings
38
Storage Area Network (SAN)
Network of high-capacity storage devices that are connected by a high-speed connection
39
Network Architecture
Design of computer network
40
Peer-to-Peer Network
Network of connected peer computers with no central controller
41
Client-Server Network
Network in which a client computer requests resources from a server computer
42
Server
Powerful computer running a network operating systems that responds to client requests
43
Client
Computer that requests a service
44
Network Operating System
Software for controlling the allocation & use of various hardware resources & access to networked resources.
45
Network Topology
Describes the shape of a network
46
Physical Topology
Physical placement of the various components of a network
47
Logical Topology
How data flows within a network
48
Star-Wired Bus Topology
Hybrid network topology that is cabled in a physical star topology but has a protocol that works logically as if it were operating on a bus topology
49
Bus Topology
All computers are connected to a single straight cable installed in a workspace
50
Fault Topology
Property that enables a system to continue operating in the event of 1 failure / several failures of some of its components
51
Star Topology
Each computer is connected by a dedicated cable to centralized network device: hub / switch
52
Ring Topology
Network of computers on a cable that is configured in a circle
53
Full Mesh Topology
Network where each device that has a dedicated connection to every other device
54
Partial Mesh Topology
Network where each device has a dedicated connection to many - but not all - devices
55
Point-to-Point Topology
Direct connection between 2 routers/switches, which provides 1 communication path
56
Hybrid Topology
Combination of 2/more types of physical/logical network topologies working together within the same network
57
Network Backbone
Where all of the network segments & servers connect to
58
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model
Conceptual framework that helps us understand how 1 computer / digital device can communicate with another computer / digital device
59
Interoperability
To work together
60
TCP/IP
Standard for computer network communication, used in particular for the internet
61
Application Layer
Layer 7 - Layer where users communicate with the network stack through application program interfaces, or APIs, that connect the application in use to the operating system of the computer
62
Application Programming Interface (API)
Computer code in an application that calls for remote networked services
63
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Used to instruct browsers on how to format & display World Wide Web content
64
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Protocol use most commonly to transfer webpages & accompanying data over the internet
65
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Used to move a file form 1 computer to another with a guarantee of delivery
66
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Used to move a file from 1 computer to another without a guarantee of delivery
67
Protocol Stack
Implementation of a computer networking protocol suite / protocol family: e.g., TCP/IP
68
Presentation Layer
Layer 6 - Layer that presents the data to the Application Layer & is responsible for data translation & computer code formatting
69
Session Layer
Layer 5 - Responsible for: setting up, managing, then tearing down communications sessions between networked computers
70
Simplex
Unidirectional; a one-way transmission
71
Half Duplex
Providing communication in both directions, but only 1 direction at a time - not simultaneously
72
Full Duplex
Describing a duplex system in which both parties can communicate with each other simultaneously
73
OSI Model
Conceptual Model that we use for a reference to understand & talk about how data networks operate in theory
74
Transport Layer
Layer 4 - Set up end-to-end network connections, & manages segmentation, sequencing, & reassembly
75
Segmentation
Process of dividing long Application Layer data streams into pieces
76
Sequencing
Process of numbering segments
77
Reassembly
Process of putting numbered segments into the correct order
78
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Connection-oriented Transport Layer (Layer 4) protocol
79
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Connectionless Transport Layer (Layer 4) protocol
80
Best-Effort Service
Network transmission via a connectionless protocol that does not guarantee delivery
81
TCP/IP
Suite of networking protocols
82
Connection-Oriented
Data delivery is guaranteed
83
Connectionless
Data delivery is not guaranteed
84
Address
Number of identifying a location on the internet / other network
85
Router
Network Layer (Layer 3) that forwards packets based on IP address
86
Internet Protocol (IP)
Network Layer (Layer 3) protocol that enables connectivity between different networks
87
IP Address
Address that identifies a host computer at Network Layer (Layer 3)
88
Packet
Unit of data at Network Layer (Layer 3)
89
Media Access Control (MAC) Address
Physical address that uniquely identifies a device at Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
90
Frame
Unit of data at Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
91
Ethernet
Protocol for wired local area networks at Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
92
Media Access Control (MAC) Sublayer
Defines how packets are placed on the media by the Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
93
Logical Link Control (LLC) Sublayer
Responsible for identifying Network Layer (Layer 3) protocols & then encapsulating them at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
94
Physical Layer
Layer 1 - Signals representing data are transmitted across a physical media like wired cables / wireless radio frequency
95
Media
Wired cables / wireless radio frequency
96
Bit
Unit of data at Physical Layer (Layer 1)
97
Technical Standard
Set of norms / requirements for a responsible technical works where it used common & repeated use of rules & guidelines for: protocols, processes, or management systems practices
98
Encapsulation
Adding a header of layer specific information to the data passed down from an upper layer
99
Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
Protocol-specific information used in the encapsulation process

Computer Science (4 decks)

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