Networking Basics - Ethernet Flashcards
Ethernet
Set of network cabling & network access (CSMA/CD) protocol standards for logical bus topology computer networks invented by Xerox but now controlled by the 602.3 subcommittee of the IEEE
Fast Ethernet
100 Mbps Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
1000 Mbps Ethernet
Collision Domain
Area of an Ethernet network where collision can occur
Collision
Ethernet condition of multiple interfaces transmitted simultaneously
Hub
Physical Layer device that is a multiport repeater
Broadcast
Transmission addressed to all stations
Broadcast Domain
Area of network where a broadcast will be received by all stations
MAC Address
Media Access Control address; A unique identifying number assigning to most network devices
Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Ethernet’s media access control protocol
Back Off
To defer transmission
Frequency-Division Multiplexing
Combining transmission from multiple stations onto a single communications channel carrying multiple frequency
Bit Rate
Frequency at which bits pass a given physical/metaphorical point - measured in bps
bps
Bits per second
Bps
Bytes per second
Baud Rate
Number of signaling events per second
Wavelength
Length of a single cycle of a wave - measured by the distance between 1 peak or through a wave & the next
MAC Address
MAC address, sometimes referred to as a hardware / physical address, is a unique, 12-character alphanumeric attribute that is used to identify individual electronic device on a network
Decimal
Value in a base-10 numbering system
Nibble
Half a byte; 4 bits
Octet
1 byte; 8 bits
Set Bit
Binary number is represented by 1
Hexadecimal
Base-16 numbering system
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Hardware that connects to a computer to a network
Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)
First 24 bits of a MAC address - identifies the manufacturer of the NIC
Unicast
Transmission address to 1 station
Multicast
Transmission address to multiple stations
Broadcast
Transmission addressed to all stations
Burned-In-Address (BIA)
MAC address permanently assigned to a NIC
Frame
Unit of Ethernet data at Data Link Layer
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Checksum which provides error checking
Preamble
First field of an Ethernet Frame; 56 bits
Start of a Frame Delimiter (SOF)
Last byte of an Ethernet frame preamble; 8 bits
Destination Address (DA)
48-bit MAC address of the receiving device
Source Address (SA)
48-bit MAC address of the transmitting advice
Ethernet II Frame
Ethernet version 2: “DIX frame”
Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
Last field of an Ethernet frame which provides the CRC value for error checking
Attenuation
Signal loss over distance
Attachment Unit Interface (AUI)
Physical & logical interface defined in the original IEEE 802.3 standard for 10BAse5 Ethernet & the previous DIX standard
Legacy
Old computer system / application program that continues to be used b/c owner does not want to replace/redesign it
Repeater
Physical Layer device that regenerates signals to mitigate the effect of attenuation
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
Largest amount of data caries by a single packet of a given networking protocol
