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Computer Science > Networking Basics - Networking Devices > Flashcards

Networking Basics - Networking Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Network Interface Card (NIC)

A

Computer hardware component designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network

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2
Q

Link Light

A

LED light on a network device that indicates network activity

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3
Q

Hub

A

Physical Layer multiport repeater

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4
Q

Repeater

A

Physical Layer device that retransmits all incoming signals out to all ports

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5
Q

Bridge

A

2-port Data Link Layer device that forwards frames based on MAC addressees

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6
Q

Switch

A

Multiport Data Link Layer device that forwards frames based on MAC addresses

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7
Q

Food

A

Transmission of data out all switch ports when the location of the destination MAC address is unknown

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8
Q

Unmanaged Switch

A

Switch with minimal functionality appropriate for SOHO installations

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9
Q

Managed Switch

A

Switch with complex functionality appropriate for large enterprise installations

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10
Q

Enterprise

A

Company, business, or organization

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11
Q

Router

A

Network Layer device used to connect different networks together

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12
Q

Internetwork

A

Network linked separate networks together

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13
Q

Internetworking Operating Systems (IOS)

A

Cisco proprietary operating system for switches & routers

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14
Q

Layer 3 Switch

A

Router

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15
Q

Access Point

A

Device that permits wireless devices to connect to a network

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16
Q

Modulate

A

To vary the amplitude, frequency, / phrase of a carrier wave in proportion to a source wave

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17
Q

Media Access Control Protocol

A

Set of rules that enables multiple devices to share the physical medium of a network

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18
Q

Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)

A

Media access control protocol for Wi-Fi networks

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19
Q

Throughput

A

Rate in which data are transferred through a system

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20
Q

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

A

Protocol that computers use to decide on 1 IP address to use for dynamic IP addressing

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21
Q

Scpoe

A

Range of IP addresses

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22
Q

Domain Name Service (DNS)

A

Server that resolved host names into IP addresses

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23
Q

Encryption

A

Process of obscuring information to make it unreadable without special knowledge, key files, passwords

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24
Q

Encryption Gateway

A

Network device dedicated to encrypting data

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25
Q

Content Filtering Appliance

A

Device that scans network traffic & filters out specific content / content types

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26
Q

Multilayer Switch (MLS)

A

Device that provides both Data Link Layer switching & Network Layer routing function

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27
Q

Packet Switching

A

Means of directing digitally encoded information in a communication network from its source to its destination, in which messages may be divided into smaller entities called packets, each of which travels independently through the network in paths based on moment-to-moment routing decisions made by noses through which they pass

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28
Q

Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)

A

Integrated circuit (IC) chip designed for a particular use

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29
Q

Load Balancer

A

Device that distributed network traffic to a number of servers

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30
Q

Domain Name Service (DNS)

A

Services provided by Domain Name System

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31
Q

DNS Server

A

Computer that responds to a client’s DNS request

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32
Q

Full Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

A

Domain name that specifies the exact location of a host computer

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33
Q

Name Resolution

A

DNS process of translating a domain name to an IP address

34
Q

A Record

A

DNS record of the IPv4 address of a domain / host

35
Q

AAAA Record

A

DNS record of the IPv6 address of a domain / host

36
Q

Point Record (PTR)

A

DNS record that indicated IP address to name mapping records

37
Q

Main Exchanger (MX) Record

A

DNS record that points to the email server for a particular host

38
Q

Canonical Name (CNAME) Record

A

DNS record that enables hosts to have more than 1 name

39
Q

Alias Record

A

DNS record that enables host to have more than 1 name

40
Q

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A

Technology for transferring files over a network

41
Q

Proxy Server

A

Server that acts as an intermediary between a user & another server, usually on the internet

42
Q

Reverse Proxy Server

A

Server that takes requests from the internet * forwards them to servers in an internal network

43
Q

Modem

A

Device that encodes digital computer signals into analog telephone signals & vice versa & allows computers to communicate over a phone line

44
Q

Packet Shaper

A

Device that prioritized network traffic flows

45
Q

VPN Concentrator

A

Device that creates & manages multiple simultaneous VPN connections to a network

46
Q

Media Converters

A

Physical Layer device that connects 1 media type to another media type

47
Q

Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

A

Telecommunications switching system physically located at a customer’s place of business, which provides internal communication between users & also access to outside telephone lines

48
Q

VoIP Gateway

A

Gateway device that uses Internet Protocol to transmit & receive voice communications

49
Q

VoIP Endpoint

A

Voice-over-IP telephone

50
Q

Next-Generational Firewalls (NGFWs)

A

Part of the 3rd generation of firewall technology, combining a traditional firewall with other network devices filtering functions

51
Q

Malware

A

Software which has been designed to operate in a malicious, undesirable manner

52
Q

Network Segmentation

A

Break in large network into a set of smaller networks

53
Q

Access Control List (ACL)

A

Security scheme for network-level security

54
Q

Internetwork

A

Network of networks

55
Q

Routing Table

A

Data table stored in a router / network host that lists the router to particular network destinations

56
Q

Quality of Service (QoS)

A

Overall performance of telephony / computer network based on error rates, throughput, transmission delay, etc

57
Q

Latency

A

Time measured from when a frame enters a port to when it exits it

58
Q

Transparent Bridging

A

When a switch uses a table to control the forwarding of frames between network segments

59
Q

Network Operating Systems (NOS)

A

OS designed to be used for networking

60
Q

Server Operating System

A

OS designed to run a network server

61
Q

Client Operating System

A

OS designed to function on an individual user’s personal computer

62
Q

Web Server

A

Server that connects to the internet & responds to client requests for web pages & web-based application access

63
Q

Mail Server

A

Server that stores & forwards incoming & outgoing email messages for a certain domain, such as the domain that the company owns

64
Q

File Server

A

Server that stores files & responds to requests to access & manage those files

65
Q

Database Server

A

Server that responds to queries & other requests from users to access stored information sets

66
Q

Application Server

A

Server that makes applications remotely available for network users; application servers often also integrate with database connected to the applications

67
Q

Pint Server

A

Server that enables multiple clients to access the service of multiple printers

68
Q

Virtualization

A

Technology that enables a single physical computer to have multiple OS instances installed, all running simultaneously

69
Q

Virtual Machine

A

Instance of an OS that runs independently of other OS instances running on the same hardware

70
Q

Hypervisor

A

Software that manages virtual machines

71
Q

Type 1 Hypervisor

A

Hypervisor that interacts directly with the hardware, without relying on a host OS - also called a bare-metal hypervisor

72
Q

Type 2 Hypervisor

A

Hypervisor that runs as an app in a host OS

73
Q

Full Virtualization

A

Virtualization in which each virtual machine is unaware of the others & functions independently

74
Q

Paravirtualization

A

Type 1 virtualization in which each virtual machine is aware of the other virtual machines so hey can cooperate

75
Q

OS-Level Virtualization

A

Virtualization in which the host OS supplies multiple, independent instances of itself in containers to each virtual machine

76
Q

Windows Server

A

Version of Microsoft Windows designed to run a network server

77
Q

Hyper-V

A

Hypervisor that comes with Windows

78
Q

Azure

A

Microsoft cloud-based platform for deploying network services including virtual desktops

79
Q

Virtual Desktops

A

System that enables used to signed into a network account to access a GUI desktop remotely

80
Q

Linux

A

Open-source OS with many distros available - some of which are optimized for use as server OSs

81
Q

Distro

A

Short for distribution; a version of Linux that is customized for specific uses

82
Q

Unix

A

Multiuser, multitasking OS on which Linux is based; it is still used today on select systems by IBM, Oracle, & HP

Computer Science (4 decks)

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