NETWORKING AND VPN

Question 1

What are the differences between MAC address and IP address?

Answer 1

MAC address operates at Layer 2 (Data Link), providing HARDWARE identification, while IP address operates at Layer 3 (Network), enabling COMMUNICATION between devices on DIFFERENT networks.

Question 2

What is a VPN and its purpose?

Answer 2

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) securely connects remote users or networks to a PRIVATE network over a PUBLIC network like the internet, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity.

Question 3

Which VPN tools do you use in your environment?

Answer 3

I use Pritunl to create a secure connection to my instances

Question 4

Explain Authentication, Confidentiality, and Integrity in networking.

Answer 4

Authentication VERIFIES the identity of users or devices

Confidentiality PROTECTS data from unauthorized access

Integrity ensures that data remains UNCHANGED during transmission.

Question 5

What is IPsec VPN?

Answer 5

IPsec VPN (Internet Protocol Security VPN)
- a protocol suite used to SECURE IP communications
- authenticating and encrypting EACH IP PACKET of a communication session.

Question 6

At what layer does IPsec work?

Answer 6

IPsec works at Layer 3 (Network layer) of the OSI model, providing security services for IP packets.

Question 7

What is the difference between Transport Mode and Tunnel Mode in IPsec?

Answer 7

Transport Mode encrypts ONLY the data PAYLOAD of the IP packet

Tunnel Mode encrypts the ENTIRE IP packet and encapsulates it within a new IP packet.

Question 8

List three Best enterprise VPN solutions.

Answer 8

Three enterprise VPN solutions are Cisco AnyConnect, Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect, and Fortinet FortiClient.