NETWORK+ Terms S's Flashcards
A momentary drop in the
voltage provided by a power source
sag
The SC connector
is a type of connector used with
fiber cabling.
SC connector
A
basic file-copying protocol that uses
Secure Shell (SSH) technology to
provide security to the transfer.
SCP (Secure Copy Protocol)
A DSL implementation that offers the same speeds for uploads and downloads. It is not widely implemented in the home/small business environment and cannot share a phone line.
SDSL (Symmetrical Digital
Subscriber Line)
A type of
DNS server that gets its zone data
from another DNS name server that
has authority in that zone.
secondary name server
A log located in the Windows Event Viewer that provides information on audit events that the administrator has determined to be security-related. These events include logons, attempts to log on, attempts to access areas that are denied, and attempts to log on outside normal hours.
Security log
A physical section of a
network.
segment
A network node that fulfills service requests for clients. Usually referred to by the type of service it performs, such as file server, communications server, or print server.
server
An
application run from a network
share rather than from a copy
installed on a local computer.
server-based application
A network
operating system dedicated to
providing services to workstations,
or clients. See also client/server networking.
server-based networking
A software update that fixes multiple known problems and in some cases provides additional functionality to an application or operating system.
service pack
How long the dialog
remains open between two nodes
session
Layer 5 of the OSI
model, which establishes, manages,
and terminates sessions between
applications on different nodes.
session layer
An implementation of File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that uses Secure Shell (SSH) technology to provide additional authentication and encryption services for file transfers.
SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)
The infrastructure component routed directly into an internetwork’s backbone for optimal systems access. It provides connectivity to servers and other shared systems.
shared system
An interface, graphical or
otherwise, that enables a user to
access the functionality of an operating
system.
shell
An application layer protocol
designed to establish and maintain
multimedia sessions such as Internet
telephony calls.
SIP
A type of fiber that uses a single direct beam of light, thus allowing for greater distances and increased transfer speeds. See also MMF.
SMF (Single-mode fiber)
An Internet protocol
used for the transfer of email messages
and attachments.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol)
A simple form
of NAT. SNAT maps a private IP
address directly to a static unchanging
public IP address. See also NAT
SNAT (Static NAT)
Provides network devices with a method to monitor and control network devices; manage configurations, statistics collection, performance, and security; and report network management information to a management console. SNMP is part of the TCP/IP suite.
SNMP (Simple Network
Management Protocol)
A software component
that enables a device to communicate
with, and be contacted by,
an SNMP management system.
SNMP agent
An SNMP utility that sends an alarm to notify the administrator that something within the network activity differs from the established threshold, as defined by the administrator.
SNMP trap
A record of information containing data on DNS zones and other DNS records. A DNS zone is the part of a domain for which an individual DNS server is responsible. Each zone contains a single SOA record.
SOA (start of authority)
A small network typically serving 1
to 10 users.
SOHO (Small Office / Home Office)
A U.S. standard for data transmission that operates at speeds up to 2.4Gbps over optical networks referred to as OC-x, where x is the level. The international equivalent of SONET is Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH).
SONET (Synchronous Optical
Network)
The address of the host that sent the frame. The source address is contained in the frame so that the destination node knows who sent the data
source address
A bridge used in source-route bridging to send a packet to the destination node through the route specified by the sending node.
source-route bridge
An instantaneous, dramatic increase in the voltage input to a device. Spikes are responsible for much of the damage done to network hardware components.
spike
A type of power supply in which the SPS monitors the power line and switches to battery power as soon as it detects a problem. During the time it takes to switch to battery power, the computer does not receive any power and may power down. This is in contrast to an online UPS, which constantly provides battery power.
SPS (Standby Power Supply)
An application, such as Telnet, that enables a session to be opened on a remote host. SSH differs from Telnet in that it provides additional authentication methods and encryption for data as it traverses the network. SSH uses TCP/IP port 22.
SSH (Secure Shell)
A unique client identifier sent over the WLAN that acts as a simple password used for authentication between a wireless client and an access point. The SSID is used to differentiate between networks. Therefore, the client system and the AP must use the same SSID.
SSID (Service Set Identifier)
A method of securely transmitting information to and receiving information from a remote website. SSL is implemented through HTTPS. SSL operates at the presentation layer of the OSI model and uses TCP/IP port 443.
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
A
standard defined by IEEE 802.1 as
part of STP to eliminate loops in an
internetwork with multiple paths.
STA (Spanning Tree Algorithm)
A type of physical network
design is which all nodes connect to
a centralized device—in most cases a
network switch.
star
An IP address
manually assigned to a network
device, as opposed to dynamically
via DHCP
static IP address
A routing method in which all routes must be entered into a device manually and in which no route information is exchanged between routing devices on the network. Compare with dynamic routing.
static routing
A mechanism used in flow control that prevents the sender of data from overwhelming the receiver. The amount of data that can be buffered in a static window is configured dynamically by the protocol.
static window
ST refers to a type
of fiber connector.
ST connector
A
subnetwork of storage devices, usually
found on high-speed networks
and shared by all servers on a network.
storage area network (SAN)
A fast-packetswitching method that produces higher latency than other switching methods because the entire contents of the packet are copied into the switch’s onboard buffers. CRC calculations are performed before the packet can be passed on to the destination address.
store-and-forward
Twisted-pair network cable that has
shielding to insulate the cable from
EMI.
STP (shielded twisted pair)
A protocol developed to eliminate the loops caused by the multiple paths in an internetwork. STP is defined in IEEE 802.1.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)
A privately controlled segment of the DNS namespace that exists under other segments of the namespace as a division of the main domain. Sometimes also called a child domain
subdomain
A logical division of a network,
based on the address to which
all the devices on the network are
assigned
subnet
A 32-bit address used to mask, or screen, a portion of an IP address to differentiate the part of the address that designates the network and the part that designates the host.
subnet mask
The process of using parts of the node portion of an assigned IP address to create more network IDs. Although subnetting increases the number of network IDs, it decreases the number of node addresses available for each network ID.
subnetting
The process of
aggregating IP network addresses
and using them as a single network
address range.
supernetting
A voltage increase that is less dramatic than that of a spike but can last much longer. Sometimes called a swell. The opposite of a brownout.
surge
An inexpensive and simple device placed between a power outlet and a network component to protect the component from spikes and surges. Also known as a surge suppressor.
surge protector
A virtual circuit dynamically established
on demand to form a dedicated
link. It is broken when transmission
is complete.
SVC (switched virtual circuit)
A Layer 2 networking
device that forwards frames based
on destination addresses.
switch
A message sent to initiate a
TCP session between two devices.
The full term is synchronization
packet.
SYN
A digital signal transmission method that uses a precise clocking method and a predefined number of bits sent at a constant rate.
synchronous transmission
A log, accessed through Event Viewer on Windows Server platforms, that provides information and warnings on events logged by operating system components and hardware devices. These events include driver failures, device conflicts, read/write errors, timeouts, and bad block errors.
system log
