NETWORK+ Terms I's Flashcards
An organization responsible for IP addresses, domain names, and protocol parameters. Some functions of IANA, such as domain name assignment, have been devolved into other organizations.
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority)
A network layer Internet protocol documented in RFC 792 that reports errors and provides other information relevant to IP packet processing. Utilities such as ping and tracert use functionality provided by ICMP.
ICMP (Internet Control Message
Protocol)
The use of one device with access to
the Internet as an access point for
other devices to connect.
ICS (Internet Connection Sharing)
Some networks use multiple wiring closets. When this is the case, the wiring closet, known as the main distribution frame (MDF), connects to secondary wiring closets, or intermediate distribution frames (IDFs). See also MDF.
IDF
A software application or hardware device that monitors a network or system for malicious or nonpolicy related activity and reports to a centralized management system.
IDS (Intrusion Detection System)
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) A professional organization that, among other things, develops standards for networking and communications.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers)
IEEE 1394
A standard that defines a system for connecting up to 63 devices on an external bus. IEEE 1394 is commonly used with consumer electronic devices such as video cameras and MP3 players. IEEE 1394 is based on a technology developed by Apple Computers called FireWire.
A standard that defines the OSI model’s physical and data link layers. This standard allows two IEEE LAN stations to communicate over a LAN or WAN and is often called the internetworking standard.
IEEE 802.1
An IEEE security standard designed for authenticating wireless devices. This standard uses Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to provide a central authentication server to authe
IEEE 802.1X
A standard that defines the LLC sublayer of the data link layer for the entire series of protocols covered by the 802.x standards. This standard specifies the adding of header fields, which tell the receiving host which upper layer sent the information.
IEEE 802.2
A standard that specifies physical layer attributes, such as signaling types, data rates, and topologies, as well as the media access method used. It also defines specifications for the implementation of the physical layer and the MAC sublayer of the data link layer, using CSMA/CD. This standard also includes the original specifications for Fast Ethernet.
IEEE 802.3
A standard that defines how production machines should communicate. It establishes a common protocol for use in connecting these machines. It also defines specifications for the implementation of the physical layer and the MAC sublayer of the data link layer, using
IEEE 802.4
A standard used to define token ring. However, it does not specify a particular topology or transmission medium. It provides specifications for the implementation of the physical layer and the MAC sublayer of the data link layer, using a token-passing media access method on a ring topology.
IEEE 802.5
A standard that defines
the distributed queue dual-bus technology
to transfer high-speed data
between nodes. It provides specifications
for the implementation of
MANs.
IEEE 802.6
A standard that defines
the design, installation, and testing
of broadband-based communications
and related physical media connectivity.
IEEE 802.7
A standard that defines the Fiber Optic Technical Advisory Group, which advises the other 802 standards committees on various fiberoptic technologies and standards.
IEEE 802.8
A standard that defines
the integration of voice and data
transmissions using isochronous
Ethernet.
IEEE 802.9
A standard that focuses on security issues by defining a standard method for protocols and services to exchange data securely by using encryption mechanisms.
IEEE 802.10
The original IEEE
wireless standard, which defines
standards for wireless LAN communication.
IEEE 802.11
A wireless networking standard operating in the 5GHz band. 802.11a supports a maximum theoretical data rate of 54Mbps. Depending on interference, 802.11a could have a range of 150 feet at the lowest speed setting. Higher-speed transmissions would see a lower range. 802.11a uses the CSMA/CA media access method and is incompatible with 802.11b and 802.11g.
IEEE 802.11a
A commonly deployed IEEE wireless standard that uses the 2.4GHz RF range and offers speeds up to 11Mbps. Under ideal conditions, the transmission range can be as far as 75 meters.
IEEE 802.11b
An IEEE wireless standard that is backward compatible with 802.11b. 802.11g offers a data rate of 54Mbps. Like 802.11b, 802.11g uses the 2.4GHz RF range
IEEE 802.11g
The 802.11n standard significantly increase throughput in both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency range. The baseline goal of the standard reaches speeds of 100Mbps, but given the right conditions, 802.11n speeds may reach 600Mbps. In practical operation, 802.11n speeds are much less.
IEEE 802.11n
A standard that defines 100BaseVG-AnyLAN, which uses a 1Gbps signaling rate and a special media access method that enables 100Mbps data traffic over voice-grade cable.
IEEE 802.12
A group of research volunteers
responsible for specifying the
protocols used on the Internet and
the architecture of the Internet.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task
Force)
A command used on
Linux, UNIX, and OS/2 systems to
obtain configuration for and configure
network interfaces.
ifconfig
A protocol used for communication between devices within the same multicast group. IGMP provides a mechanism for systems to detect and make themselves aware of other systems in the same group.
IGMP (Internet Group Management
Protocol)
The interior gateway protocol (IGP) identifies the protocols used to exchanging routing information between routers within a LAN or interconnected LANs. See EGP.
IGP
A web server application and supporting
services created by
Microsoft for Microsoft Windows.
IIS (Internet Information Services)
An
IPSec protocol that uses X.509 certificates
for authentication
IKE (Internet Key Exchange)
A protocol that enables email to be retrieved from a remote server. It is part of the TCP/IP suite, and it is similar in operation to POP3 but offers more functionality.
IMAP4 (Internet Message Access
Protocol version 4)
A backup of only files that have been created or changed since the last backup. In an incremental backup, the archive bit is cleared to indicate that a file has been backed up.
incremental backup
A wireless data communication
method that uses light pulses in
the infrared range as a carrier signal
infrared
A wireless topology that defines a wireless network composed of an access point connected to a wired LAN. Wireless devices communicate with the wired LAN through the access point (AP).
infrastructure topology
The file system or directory access rights valid at a given point as a result of those rights being assigned at a higher level in the directory structure.
inherited rights
A hub or
switch that contains some management
or monitoring capability
intelligent hub/switch
A UPS that has associated software for monitoring and managing the power provided to the system. For information to be passed between the UPS and the system, the UPS and system must be connected, which normally is achieved through a serial or USB connection.
intelligent UPS
A device, such as a card or plug, that connects pieces of hardware with a computer so that information can be moved from place to place (for example, between computers and printers, hard disks, and other devices, or between two or more nodes on a network). Also, the part of an application or operating system that the user sees.
interface
Anything that can compromise a signal’s quality. On bound media, crosstalk and EMI are examples of interference. In wireless environments, atmospheric conditions that degrade a signal’s quality would be considered interference.
interference
Functionality built into the TCP/IP stack that enables you to verify the correct functioning of the stack. You can ping any IPv4 address in the 127.x.x.x range, except the network address (127.0.0.0) or the broadcast address (127.255.255.255). The address 127.0.0.1 is most commonly used. In IPv6, the localhost (loopback) address is 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.
internal loopback address
The name of an area of the DNS namespace. The Internet domain name normally is expressed along with the toplevel domain to which it belongs (for example, comptia.org).
Internet domain name
In the TCP/IP architectural model, the layer responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing functions. Protocols that operate at this layer are responsible for encapsulating packets into Internet datagrams. All necessary routing algorithms are run here.
Internet layer
A group of networks
connected by routers or other connectivity
devices so that the networks
function as one network.
internetwork
The process or
procedures that warn you about successful
or failed unauthorized access
to a system.
intrusion detection
A network layer protocol, documented in RFC 791, that offers a connectionless internetwork service. IP provides features for addressing, packet fragmentation and reassembly, type-ofservice specification, and security.
IP (Internet Protocol)
The unique address used to identify the network number and node address of a device connected to a TCP/IP network. IPv4 addresses typically are expressed in dotted-decimal format, such as 192.168.1.1. A typical IPv6 address looks like 2001:0:4137:9e76:18d1: 2094:b980:a30.
IP address
A network device that continually
scans the network, looking for inappropriate
activity
IPS (Intrusion Prevention System)
A Windows command that provides information about the configuration of the TCP/IP parameters, including the IP address.
ipconfig
A protocol
used to provide strong security standards
for encryption and authentication
on virtual private networks
IPSec (IP Security)
A suite of protocols used for communication
on a local area network
and for accessing the Internet.
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4)
The new version of IP, which has a
larger range of usable addresses than
the current version of IP, IPv4, and
enhanced security.
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
A wireless networking technology
that uses infrared beams to
send data transmissions between
devices.
IrDA
Defined by RFC 2408,
ISAKMP is a protocol typically used
by IKE for key exchange.
ISAKMP (Internet Security
Association and Key Management
Protocol) Defined by RFC 2408,
ISAKMP
An internationally adopted standard for providing endto- end digital communications between two points. ISDN is a dialup technology allowing data, voice, and other source traffic to be transmitted over a dedicated link
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital
Network)
A device
that enables communication over an
ISDN link.
ISDN terminal adapter
Intermediate System-to- Intermediate System. A link-state protocol that discovers the shortest path for data to travel using the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm. IS-IS routers distribute topology information to other routers, allowing them to make the best path decisions.
IS-IS
A voluntary organization founded in 1946 that is responsible for creating international standards in many areas, including communications and computers. This also includes the development of the OSI model.
ISO (International Organization for
Standardization)
A
company or organization that provides
facilities for clients to access
the Internet.
ISP (Internet service provider)
A fixed size input used in cryptography. The larger initialization vector, the more it increases the difficulty in cracking and minimizes the risk of replay.
IV (Initialization Vector)
