NETWORK+ Terms C's Flashcards
A device that provides
Internet access over cable television
lines.
cable modem
A tool used to strip the sheathing from copper cabling.
cable stripper
A device used to check for electrical continuity along a length of cable.___ ___ is a generic term that can be applied to devices such as volt/ohm meters and
TDRs.
cable tester
A type of DNS server that operates the same
way as secondary servers except that a zone transfer does not take place when the this is started.
caching-only server
A protocol that enables multiple hosts on the
same network to share a set of IP addresses and thus provides failover redundancy. It is commonly used with routers and firewalls and can provide load balancing.
CARP (Common Address
Redundancy Protocol)
A signal that carries data.
The _____ signal is modulated to
create peaks and troughs, which
represent binary bits.
carrier
A process in which a detailed record of every change made to the network is documented.
change control
A communications path used for data transmission.
channel
A protocol that challenges a system to verify identity. ____ ___ ___ ___ is an improvement over Password Authentication
Protocol (PAP) in which one-way hashing is incorporated into a threeway handshake. RFC 1334 applies to both PAP and CHAP.
CHAP (Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol)
A basic method of error checking that involves calculating the sum of bytes in a section of data and then embedding the
result in the packet. When the packet
reaches the destination, the calculation
is performed again to make sure that the value is still the same.
checksum
An IP addressing scheme that enables a single IP address to designate many unique IP addresses. \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ addressing uses an IP address followed by a / and the IP network prefix. An example of a this address is 192.168.100.0/16. It is sometimes called supernetting.
CIDR (classless interdomain routing)
A type of network security system whereby network traffic is filtered based on
specified session rules and may be
restricted to recognized computers
only.
circuit-level firewall
A method of sending data between two parties in which a dedicated circuit is created at the beginning of the conversation
and is broken at the end. All data transported during the session travels over the same path, or circuit.
circuit switching
A TCP/IP network that uses addresses from 1 to 126 and supports up to 126 subnets
with 16,777,214 unique hosts each.
Class A network
A TCP/IP network that uses addresses from 128 to 191 and supports up to 16,384 subnets with 65,534 unique hosts each.
Class B network
A TCP/IP network
that uses addresses from 192
to 223 and supports up to 2,097,152
subnets with 254 unique hosts each.
Class C network
A node that uses the services
from another node on a network.
client
A networking architecture in which frontend,
or client, nodes request and
process data stored by the back-end,
or server, node.
client/server networking
The hosting, storage, and delivery of computing as a service rather than a product. The end user accesses remotely stored programs and other resources through the Internet without the need for expensive local networking devices, services, and support.
cloud computing
A technology that enables two or more computers to act as a single system to provide improved fault tolerance, load balancing, and failover capability.
clustering
Specifies an alias or nickname for a canonical hostname record in a domain name system (DNS) database. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ records are used to give a single computer multiple names (aliases).
CNAME (canonical name)
A data cable, that is made of a solid copper core insulated and surrounded by braided metal and covered with a thick plastic or rubber covering. It is the standard cable used in cable television and in older bus topology networks.
coaxial cable
A disaster recovery site that provides office space, but the customer provides and installs all the equipment needed to continue operations.
cold site
A redundant piece of hardware stored in case a component should fail. Typically used for server systems.
cold spare
The result of two frames
simultaneously transmitting on an
Ethernet network and colliding,
thereby destroying both frames.
collision
A segment of an Ethernet network between managing nodes, where only one packet can be transmitted at a time. Switches, bridges, and routers can be used to segment a network into separate\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_.
collision domain
An LED on networking equipment that flashes to indicate a collision on the network. A \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_can be used to determine whether the network is experiencing many collisions.
collision light
The transfer of information between nodes on a network.
communication
A device that combines several communications channels into one. It is often used to combine multiple terminals into one line.
concentrator
Packet transfer in which delivery is
not guaranteed.
connectionless communication
Packet transfer in which
delivery is guaranteed.
connection-oriented communication
The linking of nodes
on a network for communication to
take place.
connectivity
When a change in
the network routing is made, it takes some time for the routers to detect
and accommodate this change; this
is known as _______.
convergence
Normally, a backup of the entire hard drive. A ____ ____ is similar to a full backup, except that the copy backup does not alter the state of the archive bits on files.
copy backup
A value used to encourage or discourage the use of a certain route through a network. Routes that are to be discouraged are assigned a higher one, and those that are to be encouraged are assigned a lower one.
cost
A person who attempts to
break software code or gain access
to a system to which he or she is not
authorized.
cracker
The process of attempting to break software code, normally to defeat copyright protection or alter the software’s functioning. Also the process of attempting to gain unauthorized access to a computer system.
cracking
A challenge-response
authentication mechanism.
CRAM-MD5
A method used to check for errors in packets that have been transferred across a network. A computation bit is added to the packet and recalculated at the destination to determine whether the entire content of the packet has been correctly transferred.
CRC (cyclical redundancy check)
A tool used to join connectors
to the ends of network
cables.
crimper
A cable that can
be used to directly connect two
devices—such as two computer systems—
or as a means to expand networks
that use devices such as hubs
or switches. A traditional ____ ____ is a UTP cable in which the wires are crossed for the purposes of placing the transmit line of one
device on the receive line of the other. A T1 crossover is used to connect two T1 CSU/DSU devices in a back-to-back configuration.
crossover cable
Electronic interference
caused when two wires are too close
to each other, and the adjacent cable
creates interference.
crosstalk
A contention media access method that
uses collision-avoidance techniques.
CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple
access with collision avoidance)
A contention media access method
that uses collision-detection and
retransmission techniques.
CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple
access with collision detection)
Acts as a translator between the LAN data format and the WAN data format. Such a conversion is necessary because the technologies used on WAN links are different from those used on LANs.
CSU/DSU (Channel Service
Unit/Data Service Unit)
A switching method that does not copy the entire packet into the switch buffers. Instead, the destination address is captured into the switch, the route to the destination node is determined, and the packet is quickly sent out the corresponding corresponding port. \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ switching maintains a low latency.
cut-through packet switching
