Network Protocols Flashcards
What is a Network Standard?
A set of agreed requirements for hardware and software
Why are standards important?
They allow manufacturers to create products and programs compatible to other products and programs from other devices
What is a Network protocol?
A set of rules for how devices communicate and how data is transmitted across a network
What does a communication protocol specify?
How communication between two devices must start and end, how the data must be organised and what devices must do if data goes missing
Why does every device need an unique identifier?
So it can be found on a network.
What are MAC Addresses?
48 or 64 bit binary numbers assigned to all network-enabled devices by the manufacturer. They are unique to a device and cannot be changed.
How are MAC Addresses made easier?
They are converted into Hexadecimals.
Where are MAC Addresses mainly used?
By Ethernet protocol on LANS
How are MAC Addresses used?
LAN Switches read the MAC addresses and use them to direct data to the right devices
When are IP Addresses used?
When sending data between TCP/IP networks e.g over the Internet.
How are IP Addresses assigned?
Either Manually or Automatically before the device can access the network.
What are the two versions of IP Addresses?
IPv4 (32 bits)
IPv6 (128 bits)
Why was IPv6 created?
Due to increased number of devices that need unique IP addresses
IPv4 has 2³² (over a billion) whereas IPv6 has 2¹²⁸ addresses.
How are IP Addresses spit?
IPv6 addresses are split into 16 bit chunks and each one is given a hexadecimal number
IPv4 addresses are silt into 8-bit chunks and each one is given as a denary number
What does a TCP/IP protocol dictate?
How data is sent between networks e.g over the Internet
What are the two protocols that a TCP/IP protocol is made up of?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP)
What does the Transmission Control Protocol do?
It set rules for how devices connect to network/
Its in charge of splitting data into packets and reassembling packets back into original data once they reach receiving device
Also responsible for checking is data is correctly sent or delivered
What is the Internet Protocol responsible for?
DIRECTING PACKETS TO DESTINATION ACROSS THE NETWORK
What are the protocols built upon TCP/IP which do specific Internet tasks?
HTTP HTTPS FTP POP3 IMAP SMTP
What does HTTP stand for and what is it used for?
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
It is used by web browsers to access websites and communicate with web servers
What does HTTPS stand for and what is it used for?
HTTP Secure
It is a more secure version of HTTP It encrypts all information sent and received
What does FTP stand for and what is it used for?
File Transfer Protocol
It is used to EDIT and move files between devices on network e.g access files on server from client computer
What does POP3 stand for and what is it used for?
Post Office protocol- version 3
It is used to retrieve emails from a server. The server holds email until you download it, at which point is deleted by server.
What does IMAP stand for and what is it used for?
Internet Message Access Protocol
It is used to retrieve emails from a server. The server holds email until you actually delete it- you only download a copy. Used by most web-based email clients.
What does SMTP stand for and what is it used for?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
It is to send emails and to transfer emails between servers.
What are layers?
Groups of protocols that have similar functions. Layers are self-contained- protocols in each layer don’t need to know what’s happening in other layers
Each layers serves layer above
What do protocols in Layer 4 cover?
Give some protocol examples
Turning data to websites and other apps and vise versa
HTTPS, FTP, SMTP
What do protocols in layer 3 cover? Give some protocol examples
Controlling data flow- e.g checking data is sent and delivered
TCP
What do Protocols in Layer 2 cover and give a protocol example
Making connections between networks and directing data
IP
What do Protocols in Layer 1 cove and give some protocol examples
Passing data (as electrical signals) over the physical network Ethernet
How does data travel through layers?
Data can only pass through adjacent layers e.g layer 2 can pass data to layers 1 and 3 but layer 1 can only pass data to layer 2
Advantages of Layers?
Breaks network communication into manageable pieces and helps developers concentrate on only one area of network without having to worry about others
Layers are self contained- they can be changed without other layers being affected
Forces companies to make standard universal hardware and software, different brands will work with each other and always work in basically the same way/
