Network Optimization Flashcards
What are the 4 real-time services in which rely on an optimized network?
1) VoIP
2) Video applications/Video Conferencing
3) Presence
4) Multi-casting
What method of quality of service can support up to 64 different classifications, functions at layer 3, and uses the below 3 classes of traffic:
1) expedited forwarding
2) assured forwarding
3) Class Selector
DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point or DiffServ)
The Class of Service method of QoS is defined in what IEEE standard and is expressed through which field and in which IEEE header?
Defined in IEEE 802.1p
Expressed through the 3-bit Priority Code Point in the VLAN header IEEE 802.1Q
Class of Service provides how many levels of service?
7
What are the 3 main components of a Unified Communications system?
UC Servers
UC Devices
UC Gateway
What’s the difference between bandwidth throttling and rate limiting?
bandwidth throttling deals with the amount of data and the time-period in which it is send
limiting deals with the rate at which it is sent
Where do traffic shaping devices store delayed traffic before releasing it?
in the FIFO buffer
Which type of back up combination will incur the longest restoration: Full/Differential or Full/Incremental
Full/Incremental. Because there will be several incremental backup tapes as opposed to just using one differential.
What computer network architecture decouples network control and forwarding functions, enabling network control to become directly programmable and the underlying infrastructure to be abstracted from applications and network services.
Software Defined Networking
Cisco’s OpenStack cloud operating system is an example of what type of service?
Network as a Service (NaaS)
Which storage type uses a switched fabric topology protocol and its adapters can exchange information on QoS? Why is QoS important from a SAN perspective?
Infiniband
QoS is important because storage protocols are time-sensitive
What are the 5 common data rates used in Fibre Channel?
2, 4, 8 and 16Gbps
what 3 protocols can be used to connect to a NAS?
NFS, CIFS and HTTP
What are the 4 typical service levels made available through cloud deployment?
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
NaaS
What are the 3 connectivity methods to connect to a virtual server over a VPN or WAN in a cloud environment?
Remote Desktop (RDP for Win, SSH for Lnx)
FTP
VMware remote console
What is the purpose of the MDF?
To connect internal communications equipment to external subscriber carrier equipment.
What are the two main aims of cable management?
1) protect the integrity of cables
2) prevent overheating of the infrastructure caused by unruly cables blocking airflow
What’s the difference between a power converter and power inverter?
power converter converts AC to DC
Power inverter converts DC to AC
A/B power means what?
Running two separate power circuits into a facility
Considerations for device placement include what 3 things?
Airflow
Cable Trays
Rack systems
port labelling involves labelling what?
switch ports, patch panels to wall outlets
When labelling systems in a rack, what two pieces of information should be included for devices that are connected to a network?
IP addresses and DNS
What standard provides specifications for clear labelling and admin best practices across all electrical and network systems?
TIA/ANSI 606-B.1 (example is dividing the floorspace into quadrants)
What are the 3 key reasons why you need to carefully manage bandwidth?
1) Latency sensitivity
2) high-bandwidth applications
3) Uptime
What are the 5 problems that affect data as it travels that QoS manages?
“Dolly Dropped an Error in Jitesh’s Outhouse”
1) Delay
2) Dropped Packets
3) Error Packets
4) Jitter (variation in packet delay)
5) Out of Order Delivery
UC gateway does what?
ties together separate locations that need to use UC and connects the IP network to the PSTN network.
Name the lowest 2 QoS levels
1) 0 - best effort
2) 1 - Background
Name the QoS level suited for critical business applications
3 - Excellent Load
Name the QoS level for ‘streaming media’ and ‘voice and video’?
4 (Controlled load) and 5 (Voice and video) respectively
a traffic contract is used in what type of network optimization and defines what?
Traffic Shaping
It determines which packets are allowed on the network and when
List the 7 components of virtualization
1) Hypervisor
2) Virtual servers
3) Virtual NICs
4) Virtual Switches
5) Virtual Routers
6) Virtual firewealls
7) Virtual PBX
Which network storage method allows devices to use the existing network medium for storage as well as communication?
iSCSI
What speeds does fibre-channel work up to?
16Gbps
When might you want to enable jumbo frames?
When using high speed networks like SANs. Because larger payloads reduce overhead cycles.
Fibre channel over ethernet can be routed, true or false?
False, it doesn’t use IP so can’t be routed.
Infiniband can support upto what bandwidth?
56Gpbs
iSCSI can support up to what speeds?
40Gpbs
What’s the key difference between file-based storage (NAS) and block-based storage (SAN)?
file-based storage is like a file server that allows sharing of files and folders
block-based storage is akin to having an entire remotely located hard disk onto which you can do anything like pick the file format, and install an operating system on.
What is a LUN
Logical Unit Identifier. It’s the unique identifier used by a host when it wants to access storage.
What is a HBA and an iSCSI initiator
A HBA (host bus adaptor) is a hardware card that handles the read/write commands to and from the LUN when a host or Hypervisor using Fibre Channel accesses storage on a SAN. iSCSI initiator is software running on the host that does the same job (for iSCSI obviously) connects to the iSCSI target on the LUN using the ethernet adaptor
List the main components used in a Fibre Channel network
1) Host Bus Adaptors
2) Fibre Channel Switches
3) Fibre Channel storage Units
4) Storage Unit Processors
How many connections to storage switches does the HBA usually have? Why?
2, for redundancy
