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Network+ > Network Models > Flashcards

Network Models Flashcards

1
Q

OSI Layer Model

A

7: Application
6: Presentation
5: Session
4: Transport
3: Network
2: Data Link
1: Physical

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2
Q

Layer 1

A

Physical layer - the cabling used to connect

Also a hub, if it’s an old network setup

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3
Q

Layer 2 Sublayers

A

Only layer with sublayers

2a: Logical Link Control (LLC)
-Aspect of NIC that talks to OS (via drivers). Handles network protocols and flow control

2b: Media Access Control
-MAC encapsulation - creates and addresses the frame and performs frame check sequence (FCS)

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4
Q

NIC

A

Network Interface Card

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5
Q

MAC Address

A

Media Access Control - burned into a NIC’s ROM chip

48 bits - 12 hex characters

Companies request a block of MAC addresses to use

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6
Q

Unix vs Windows MAC

A

Windows uses dash
use ipconfig /all to find

Linux uses colons
ifconfig (Macintosh)
ip a (linux)

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7
Q

OUI

A

Organizationally Unique Identifier - the first 6 digits of a MAC address

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8
Q

Device ID

A

Last 6 digits of MAC address, represent the serial number from manufacturer

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9
Q

EUI-48

A

Extended Unique Identifier - just another name for a MAC address

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10
Q

Layer 2 Frame Encapsulation

A

Recipient MAC | Sender MAC | Type of Data | Data | FCS

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11
Q

Frame Header

A

MAC addresses (recipient/sender) and Type

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12
Q

Frame Payload

A

Encapsulated Data

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13
Q

Frame Trailer

A

FCS - Frame Check Sequence.

Uses cyclic reduncancy check (CRC) for receiving NIC to verify data

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14
Q

Frame data limitations

A

1500 bytes
FCS is always 4 bytes

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15
Q

Data stored by NICs

A

MACs of devices they have previously communicated with

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16
Q

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

A

Broadcast MAC address, NIC sends out to all devices when requesting MAC addresses, will receive a response with the MAC

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17
Q

Process for Frame Movement

A

1) NIC receives data from OS
2) NIC attaches FCS to data
3) NIC attaches header
4) Frame sent

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18
Q

Devices at Layer 2

A

Anything dealing with MAC addresses

Switches, NICs

19
Q

Network Protocol

A

Establishes the unique identifiers for each system
Creates set of communication rules for data handling

20
Q

Logical Addressing

A

Hardware independent addressing on a network.

21
Q

Layer 3

A

Network Layer

Deals with IP addresses

22
Q

Packets

A

The data that gets placed within a frame by the NIC

Has own encapsulation: Header (dest. IP and source IP) and Data

23
Q

Router

A

Allows communications across networks, including those that do not rely on Ethernet

24
Q

IP Packet Syntax

A

Dest. IP - packet header
Source IP - packet header
Data

25
Q

Router’s relationships to frames

A

Each router strips frame from packet, reads packet header (destination IP), then reattaches a new frame to send to subsequent MAC (or other format) based in the destination IP and network type

26
Q

Layer 4

A

Transport Layer

27
Q

Segmentation

A

Dividing up data into quantities that fit into packets and their container frames. Creates segments and assigns sequence numbering.

The serving system performs this

28
Q

Reassembly

A

The receiving system performs this

Putting the segmented data back together into a sensible whole and verify data is not corrupted

29
Q

Transport Protocol Purpose

A

Segmenting data and assigning them sequence numbers

30
Q

TCP Segment

A

Inside of the frame and inside the packet, after the IP header but before the data.

Includes necessary transport information so data arrives in good order

31
Q

UDP Datagram

A

Does not utilize as many tools as TCP segment, does not verify that receiving system gets data.

32
Q

Layer Five

A

Session Layer

33
Q

Session Layer

A

Manages and handles sessions over a network.

Sessions connect applications to other applications. Think designated lanes for connections.

34
Q

Layer 6

A

Presentation Layer

35
Q

Presentation Layer

A

Data translation into a format usable by an Application and vice versa

36
Q

Layer 7

A

Application Layer

37
Q

Application Layer

A

APIs - allow applications to be network aware

38
Q

API

A

Application Programming Interface

39
Q

TCP definition and orientation

A

Transmission Control Protocol

Connection-oriented

40
Q

UDP definition and orientation

A

User Datagram Protocol

Connectionless

41
Q

TCP Segment Syntax

A

Source Port | Destination Port | Sequence Number | Acknowledgement number | etc…|Data

Notice the source and dest are reversed order compared to IP and MAC headers

42
Q

UDP datagram syntax

A

source port | Destination Port | Length | Checksum | Data

Notice the source and dest are reversed order compared to IP and MAC headers

43
Q

Layer 2

A

Data Link Layer

Network+ (7 decks)

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