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Network+ > Ethernet Basics > Flashcards

Ethernet Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Five Fields of Ethernet Frames

A

1) Destination Address (MAC)
2) Source Address (MAC)
3) Data Type
4) Data itself
5) Frame Check Sequence (FCS)

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2
Q

Preamble

A

Appears in front of the frame, notifies receiver that new data is coming

7 bytes followed by 1 byte “start frame delimeter”

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3
Q

MAC Address size

A

48 bits (6 bytes)

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4
Q

Pad

A

Minimum frame size is 64 bytes

If not enough data to reach minimum, padding data added

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5
Q

FCS

A

Frame Check Sequence

Like hashing - sending computer runs data against a cyclic redundancy check and attaches the results (FCS)

Receiving system does the same CRC, should be able to match their FCS

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6
Q

Cyclical Redundancy Check

A

CRC - math calc done against a frame’s data to generate an FCS

Receiving system does same check to confirm data is not corrupted

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7
Q

Ethernet Network Naming Convention

(e.g. 10BASE-T)

A

10 - speed (10 Mbps)
BASE - signaling type (Baseband means one signal at a time, vs broadband)
T - cabling type (twisted pair)

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8
Q

10BASE-T Standard

A

Cat 3 cable

Pins 1, 2 for send data, pins 3, 6 to receive data

Max distance to hub: 100m
Max Computers: 1024/hub

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9
Q

half-duplex

A

a NIC that can only send/receive asynchronously

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10
Q

full-duplex

A

a NIC that can send/receive at the same time

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11
Q

TIA/EIA 568A

A

1 - GW
2 - G
3- OW
4 - Blue
5 - BW
6 - O
7 - BrW
8 - Br

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12
Q

TIA/EIA 568B

A

1 - OW
2 - O
3- GW
4 - Blue
5 - BW
6 - G
7 - BrW
8 - Br

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13
Q

10BASE-FL Specs

A

Speed: 10Mbps
Signal: Baseband
Distance: 2000m
Max Computers: 1024/hub
Topology: star-bus, physical star, logical bus
Cable Type: Multimode 62.5/125 micrometers, ST or SC connections

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14
Q

Media Converter

A

Allows translation of signal between cable types (fiber and copper)

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15
Q

CSMA/CD

A

Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection

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16
Q

Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection

A

CSMA/CD

Carrier-sense: each node using network checks cable before sending data frame to see if busy

Multiple access: al machines have equal access to wire (first come, first served)

collision detection: NICS register if a collision occurs, each generates a random number to retry

17
Q

Media Access Control address table

A

Internal cache of all the MACs attached to a switch, created during port mapping

18
Q

Uplink Port

A

Connection between two switches via straight-through cable

19
Q

straight-through cable

A

A cable connected to the uplink port of one switch and to a regular port of another

Modern switches do not have dedicated uplink ports but auto-detect a straight-through cable

20
Q

auto-medium-dependent interface crossover

A

MDI-X

Auto sensing of straight-through cable

21
Q

crossover cable

A

one end is 568A, the other 568B

Means switch 1 sends through transmit pair, but signal lands on switch 2’s receiving pair

Not necessary anymore with modern switches with MDI-X)

22
Q

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol

eliminate accidental switching loops

23
Q

Spanning Tree Protocol

A

STP

typically enabled by default

Uses special frames for switches to communicate to each other

24
Q

Bridge Protocol Data Units (2 types)

A

BPDUs

the special STP frames

1) Configuration BPDU
2) TCN BPDU

25
Q

TCN BPDU

A

Topology Change Notification

Tells switches to rework their port structure, potentially unblock ports, due to a device going offline

Causes switches to flush their source address tables and relearn MAC addresses

26
Q

Configuration BPDU

A

Establishes topology of network, sets one device as “root bridge” for central reference of all other switches

27
Q

Blocking state ports

A

Redundant ports that are blocked until needed (blocked to prevent looping, unblocked when a link/device goes down)

28
Q

PortFast

A

Settings to quickly re-establish connection, typically for client connected ports

Client machines should not participate in STP, as it increases latencyq

29
Q

Root Guard

A

Applied to ports that do not have the root bridge connected

moves the port into a root-inconsistent state if it receives configuration BDPUs from another device claiming it is the root bridge

will stop blocking traffic once those BDPUs are no longer received

30
Q

BPDU Guard

A

Applied to PortFast ports, sets port to errdisabled state if receives a BPDU

requires an admin reset

Network+ (7 decks)

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