Network IP Addressing Flashcards
What is an IP address?
An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device on a network, used for communication and location addressing.
What are the two main types of IP addresses?
IPv4 (32-bit addresses) and IPv6 (128-bit addresses).
What is the difference between a public and private IP address?
Public IP addresses are globally unique and assigned by ISPs for communication over the Internet, while private IP addresses are used within a local network and are not globally unique.
What are the three main classes of IPv4 addresses?
Class A (1-126.x.x.x), Class B (128-191.x.x.x), and Class C (192-223.x.x.x).
What is a subnet mask?
A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that defines the network and host portions of an IP address, used to divide a network into smaller subnetworks.
How do you calculate the number of hosts and subnets for a given subnet mask?
The number of hosts is calculated by raising 2 to the power of the number of host bits (32 minus the number of network bits), minus 2 (for the network and broadcast addresses). The number of subnets is calculated by raising 2 to the power of the number of borrowed bits.
What is CIDR notation?
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation is a compact way of representing a subnet mask, using a forward slash followed by the number of network bits (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24).
What is the difference between a default gateway and a router?
A default gateway is the IP address of the router interface connected to the local network, used to send packets to other networks. A router is a device that forwards packets between networks based on IP addresses.
What is the purpose of the routing table?
The routing table is a data table stored in a router or a network device that contains information about the routes to network destinations, used to determine the best path for forwarding packets.
What is the difference between static and dynamic routing?
Static routing involves manually configuring routes in the routing table, while dynamic routing uses routing protocols (like RIP, OSPF, or EIGRP) to automatically exchange routing information between routers.
What is the OSI model and what are its seven layers?
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework for understanding network communications. Its seven layers are:
Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application.
What is the purpose of the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)?
ARP is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses within a local network, allowing devices to communicate using Layer 2 addresses.
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that provides fast, unreliable delivery without error checking.
What is the purpose of the ping command?
The ping command is used to test the reachability of a host on an IP network and measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to the destination host.
What is the purpose of the traceroute command?
The traceroute command is used to display the route and measure transit delays of packets across an IP network, showing the path taken and the time taken at each hop.
