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OMI > CI/CD Tools and Practices > Flashcards

CI/CD Tools and Practices Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main goal of CI/CD?

A

To automate and streamline the software development lifecycle

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2
Q

What are the key principles of CI/CD?

A

Automate everything,
maintain a single source repository,
build and test every change,
keep the build fast,
test in a clone of the production environment,
make it easy to get the latest deliverables,
everyone can see the results of the latest build,
and automate deployment

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3
Q

What is the difference between continuous integration and continuous delivery/deployment?

A

Continuous integration focuses on automatically building and testing code changes

continuous delivery/deployment extends this to automatically releasing validated changes to production

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4
Q

What are some popular version control systems used in CI/CD?

A

Git, Mercurial, and Subversion (SVN)

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5
Q

What is a feature branch workflow?

A

A feature branch workflow involves creating separate branches for each feature or bugfix, which are then merged back into the main branch after review and testing

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6
Q

What is a pull request or merge request?

A

A pull request or merge request is a way to propose changes to the main branch of a repository, allowing for code review and discussion before merging

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7
Q

What is a build server?

A

A build server is a centralized system that automatically
compiles,
packages,
and tests code changes,

providing feedback on the success or failure of each build

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8
Q

What is a build pipeline?

A

A build pipeline is a series of automated steps that take code changes from version control,
build and test them,
prepare them for deployment

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9
Q

What are some popular CI/CD pipelines or build automation tools?

A

Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, GitHub Actions, CircleCI, Travis CI, Bamboo, and TeamCity

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10
Q

What is a test automation framework?

A

A test automation framework is a set of guidelines, libraries, and tools that help structure and simplify the creation and maintenance of automated tests

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11
Q

What are some types of tests often automated in CI/CD?

A

Unit tests, integration tests, functional tests, performance tests, and security tests

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12
Q

What is code coverage?

A

Code coverage is a metric that measures the percentage of code lines, branches, or functions that are executed during automated tests

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13
Q

What is static code analysis?

A

Static code analysis is the process of examining code without executing it, to identify potential issues related to code quality, security, or compliance

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14
Q

What are some popular static code analysis tools?

A

SonarQube, Checkstyle, PMD, ESLint, and Pylint

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15
Q

What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?

A

Infrastructure as Code is the practice of managing and provisioning infrastructure resources using machine-readable definition files or scripts, enabling version control and automation

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16
Q

What are some popular IaC tools?

A

Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, Azure Resource Manager, Google Cloud Deployment Manager, Ansible, Puppet, and Chef

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17
Q

What is containerization?

A

Containerization is the process of packaging an application and its dependencies into a self-contained unit called a container, which can run consistently across different environments

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18
Q

What are some popular containerization tools?

A

Docker, Kubernetes, Amazon ECS, Google Kubernetes Engine, and Azure Kubernetes Service

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19
Q

What is continuous monitoring?

A

Continuous monitoring involves real-time observation and analysis of application and infrastructure metrics, logs, and events to detect issues and anomalies

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20
Q

What are some popular continuous monitoring tools?

A

Prometheus, Grafana, ELK stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana), Nagios, and Datadog

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21
Q

What are the benefits of using CI/CD for software development teams?

A

Faster time-to-market, improved code quality, reduced risk, increased collaboration, and better scalability and reliability

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22
Q

What are some challenges in implementing CI/CD?

A

Complexity of setup and maintenance, cultural resistance to change, security and compliance concerns, and the need for specialized skills and knowledge

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23
Q

How can you measure the success of a CI/CD implementation?

A

Key metrics include deployment frequency, lead time for changes, mean time to recover (MTTR), and change failure rate

24
Q

What is the role of a DevOps engineer in CI/CD?

A

A DevOps engineer is responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining the CI/CD pipeline, as well as collaborating with development and operations teams to optimize processes and tooling

25
Q

What are some best practices for secure CI/CD?

A

Implement access controls, use encrypted secrets management, perform regular security scans and audits, and follow the principle of least privilege

26
Q

What does CI/CD stand for?

A

Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery/Deployment

27
Q

What is the purpose of CI/CD?

A

To automate the building, testing, and deployment of software, enabling faster and more reliable releases

28
Q

What is GitLab?

A

GitLab is a web-based DevOps platform that provides Git repository management, issue tracking, CI/CD pipelines, and more

29
Q

What is a GitLab pipeline?

A

A GitLab pipeline is a series of tasks, called jobs, that are executed automatically when code is pushed to a Git repository or when a specific action is taken

30
Q

What is a GitLab runner?

A

A GitLab runner is an agent that runs the jobs defined in the GitLab pipeline on a server, container, or local machine

31
Q

What is a .gitlab-ci.yml file?

A

A .gitlab-ci.yml file is a YAML file that defines the structure and order of a GitLab CI/CD pipeline, specifying the jobs to be executed

32
Q

What are the benefits of using GitLab for CI/CD?

A

Benefits include version control integration, built-in CI/CD capabilities, a user-friendly web interface, and the ability to self-host or use GitLab’s cloud offering

33
Q

What is continuous integration in GitLab?

A

Continuous integration in GitLab involves automatically building and testing code changes in a shared repository, ensuring that the changes integrate well with the existing codebase

34
Q

What is continuous delivery in GitLab?

A

Continuous delivery in GitLab involves automatically preparing the built and tested code for release to production, often requiring manual approval to deploy

35
Q

What is continuous deployment in GitLab?

A

Continuous deployment in GitLab involves automatically deploying the built and tested code to production without manual intervention, based on predefined conditions

36
Q

What is a Git repository?

A

A Git repository is a version-controlled directory that tracks changes to files over time, allowing multiple people to collaborate on the same project

37
Q

What is a merge request in GitLab?

A

A merge request in GitLab is a request to merge changes from one branch to another, often used for code review and collaboration

38
Q

What is a branch in Git?

A

A branch in Git is a separate line of development that diverges from the main line, allowing developers to work on features or fixes without affecting the main codebase

39
Q

What is a commit in Git?

A

A commit in Git is a snapshot of changes made to the files in a repository, along with a unique identifier and a message describing the changes

40
Q

What is a job in GitLab CI/CD?

A

A job in GitLab CI/CD is a single task or step in a pipeline, such as building, testing, or deploying code

41
Q

What is a stage in GitLab CI/CD?

A

A stage in GitLab CI/CD is a group of jobs that are executed in parallel, representing a phase in the pipeline such as build, test, or deploy

42
Q

What is an artifact in GitLab CI/CD?

A

An artifact in GitLab CI/CD is a file or set of files created by a job, such as compiled binaries or test reports, which can be used by later jobs or downloaded

43
Q

What is a cache in GitLab CI/CD?

A

A cache in GitLab CI/CD is a temporary storage area for reusable files, such as dependencies, to speed up subsequent pipeline runs

44
Q

What is a trigger in GitLab CI/CD?

A

A trigger in GitLab CI/CD is an event that starts a pipeline, such as a push to a branch, a merge request, or a scheduled job

45
Q

What is a variable in GitLab CI/CD?

A

A variable in GitLab CI/CD is a named value that can be used to store and pass information between jobs or pipelines, such as configuration settings or secrets

46
Q

What is a secret variable in GitLab CI/CD?

A

A secret variable in GitLab CI/CD is a variable whose value is encrypted and not visible in the job logs or configuration files, used for sensitive information like passwords or API keys

47
Q

What is a GitLab environment?

A

A GitLab environment is a logical representation of a deployment target, such as staging or production, which can be associated with a specific branch or tag

48
Q

What is a GitLab issue?

A

A GitLab issue is a task, bug report, or feature request tracked within the GitLab platform, often used for project management and collaboration

49
Q

What is a GitLab milestone?

A

A GitLab milestone is a way to group issues and merge requests within a specific time frame or release, helping to organize and track project progress

50
Q

What is a GitLab tag?

A

A GitLab tag is a named reference to a specific commit, often used to mark release points or important milestones in the project history

51
Q

What is GitLab Auto DevOps?

A

GitLab Auto DevOps is a set of pre-configured CI/CD templates and integrations that automatically build, test, and deploy applications based on best practices

52
Q

What is GitLab Pages?

A

GitLab Pages is a feature that allows you to host static websites directly from your GitLab repository, with built-in support for custom domains and SSL/TLS certificates

53
Q

What is GitLab Container Registry?

A

GitLab Container Registry is a built-in registry for storing and managing Docker container images, seamlessly integrated with GitLab’s CI/CD pipelines

54
Q

What is GitLab Kubernetes integration?

A

GitLab Kubernetes integration allows you to connect your GitLab project with a Kubernetes cluster, enabling easy deployment and management of applications using GitLab CI/CD

55
Q

What is GitLab Wiki?

A

GitLab Wiki is a collaborative documentation tool built into each GitLab project, allowing team members to create and maintain project documentation alongside the code

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