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Network Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the network component Clients?

A

devices which can access the network (workstations, laoptops, tablets)

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2
Q

Servers

A

provide resources to network (email server, file server)

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3
Q

What is the network component Hub and in which OSI Layer is it?

A

older technology connecting devices, rarely used due to limitations, layer 1

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4
Q

Switches + OSI Layer

A

Smarter hubs ensure security, efficient bandwidth utilization, layer 2, multil-layer switch 3

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5
Q

Wireless Access Points (WAPs)

A

enable wireless devices to connect to wired network via radio frequency waves, layer 2

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6
Q

Routers

A

connect different networks, intelligent forwarding decisions based on ip addresses

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7
Q

Firewalls

A

Security barrier between internal network and internet, monitor and control traffic, different layers (4, 7) depending on firewall type

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8
Q

Load Balancers

A

distribute network/application traffic across servers, preventing bottlenecks, layer 4 (application layer load balancer 7)

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9
Q

Proxy servers

A

act as intermediaries between user devices and internet enhancing security and privacy

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10
Q

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)

A

detect unauthorized access or anomalies, layer 3, 4, 7 mixture possible

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11
Q

Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)

A

detect and take action to prevent intrusion, layer 3, 4, 7

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12
Q

Controllers

A

managing flow control in software defined networking (sdn) offering flexibility and efficency

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13
Q

Network-attached Storage (NAS) Devices

A

Dedicated file storage systems data access to authorized clients

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14
Q

Explain Storage Area Networks (SANs)

A

High-speed networks consolidated block-level data storage enhancing acessibility

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15
Q

Media

A

physical materials for data transmission (copper cables, fiber optic cables)

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16
Q

Wide Area Network (WAN) Links

A

connect networks over large areas (between cities) for global connectivity

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17
Q

Describe the Client/Server Model, 3 key points, 2 drawbacks, 3 benefits

A

uses dedicated server for centralized access to files, printers, ressources
easy administration due central server
leading model in business nw
+centralized administration
+easier management
+better scalability
-higher cost
-dedicated hardware specialized skillset

18
Q

Descripe Peer to Peer Model 4 key points, 3 drawbacks 2 benefits

A

direct sharing ressources among peers (laptop, desktop) difficult administration and backup disperesed files on different machines useful for low cost setups e.g. napster not recommended for businsess networks -redundancy -complex management -scalability issues + low cost +no specialized infrastructure or hardware

19
Q

4 Facts about the Network Geography of Personal Area Network (PAN)

A

smallest network type covers 10 feet max bluetooth, usb connection within arms reach

20
Q

Network Geograpyh (NG) of Local Area Network (LAN) 4 points

A

common in office buildings limited distance ( 100 meters cat 5 cabling) can use WiFi (IEEE 802.11) or Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) office, school, home

21
Q

Network Geograpyh (NG) Campus Area Network (CAN) 4 points

A

spans numerous buildings in are covers several miles connects multiple lans forming large nw campuses business parks, military bases

22
Q

NG Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) 3 points

A

connect locations across entire city larger than can 25 miles city departments, multiple campuses in city

23
Q

NG Wide Area Network (WAN) 4 points

A

connects geographically disparate internal networks large geograpic coverage (across states, countries, globally) can consist of lease lines or VPNs internet, private connections between offices across country

24
Q

describe wired netwrok topology and name 2 diagram types

A

refers to arrangement of elements in computer network includes links, nodes, clients, servers physical topology describes pyhsical cabling, device connections, represent real world layout using floorplans logical topology decribes how data flow in network, focus on logical connection rather than physical placement

25
Name alle Wired Network Topologies
point to point topology, ring toplogy, bus toplogy, start topology, hub and spoke topology mesh topology
26
what is a Point-to-Point Topology
direct connection between 2 devices simple, reliable for small-scale connection, not scalable, used in WAN connections for remote offices
27
Ring Topology 3 points
circular data path with each device connected to two others unidirectional flow prevents collisions common in FDDI (fiber distributed data interface) for long-distance optic networks
28
Bus Topology 4
All devices connected to central calbe (bus) data accessible to all only intended recipient processes it easy to install the more devices connected the more collisions will occur
29
Star Topology 3 points
each node connected to central point (nw switch) robust, but network depends on central points functionality common in home networks
30
Hub-and-Spoke Topology 4 points
Variation of star with central hub connect to multiple spokes nodes transmit data to hub before reaching final destination used in airline and telecommunications networks less expensive for larger networks
31
Mesh Topology 3 points, 1 formula
point to point connections between every device for redundancy two types (full mesh every node is connected to every other, partial mesh some nodes fully interconnected others to one or two devices provides robustness redundancy but can be complex costly full mesh connections formula n(n-1)/2 n is number of nodes
32
What is the Infrastructure Mode in Wireless Network Topology 4 points
centralized wireless network with wireless access point similar to star common in homes (connects outside provider through cable or fibre modem) supports wireless security controls
33
What is the wireless Ad Hoc Mode 5 points
decentralized wireless network operates like peer to peer nw no routers or access points (devices connect directly) dynamic routing decisions made on the fly allows dynamic joining and leaving of devices (like ols-school chat rooms)
34
Wireless Mesh 4 points
unique ineterconnection of different nodes, devices and radios combines various technologies for connectivity (bluetooth, wifi, microwave, cellular, satellite) enable large-scale network access in harsh environments uses different radio frequencies to establish reliable connections
35
Use Cases for Wireless Mesh 3 points
post disaster scenarios humanitarian assistance missions combining microwave, satellite, cellular, and wifi for reliable and redundant networks (satellite long distance, microwaves medium ranges, wireless short ranges)
36
Datacenter Topology, what is a datacenter
facility composed of network computers and storage that business use to organize, process store, and disseminate large amounts of data
37
Name the three Tired Hierachy of the datacenter Topology
Core Layer (houses high-performance routers, merging geographically seperated networks, backbone of the network) distribution/aggregation layer (provides boundaray definition through access lists and filters, defines policies for the network at large, uses layer 3 switches for routing between subnets - ensure the packets properly routed between different subnets and VLANs) Access/Edge Layer (connects endpoint devices using regular switches, used to ensure packets are converted to frames and delivered to correct end point devices
38
Name 4 benefits of 3 layer hierachy in a datacenter
performance scalability redundancy troubleshooting (because layers and devices provide points at wich parts of the nw can be isolated to determine problems and maintain the rest of the nw while the isolated part is fixed
39
What is the Collapsed Core in a data center? 4 points
nw architecture where core and distribution layers are merged into a single layer creates two tired core simplified architecture for medium to small datacenters may not be suitable for larger and more complex networks
40
Spine and Leaf Architecture 2 points, name and describe the 2 switching layers
alternative type of nw architecture specifically within datacenters particularly server farms 2 switching layers (Leaf consists of all the access switches that will aggregate traffic from the different servers and then connect directly into the spine layer, Spine contains switches that interconnect all the leaf layer switches into a full-mesh topology
41
Name three more points on spine and leaf architecture
enhances speed, and reduces latency compared to traditional three tiered hierachy works well with software defined network (SDN) can also be used in combination with standard three tiered hierachy (servers in datacenter connect to leaf layers, spine connects to core layer)
42
Name and describe the two datacenter traffic flows
north south traffic (traffic that enters -southbound traffic- or leaves - north traffic- data center from a system outside east west traffic (data flow within datacenter, in spine and leaf architecture all data flow between servers is east west traffic, prevalent with SDN, vitualization and converged networks

Tia Network (6 decks)

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