Media and Connectors Flashcards
Media and Connectors, what are objectives? 2 points
1.5 - Compare and contrast transmission media and transceivers
5.5 - Given a scenario, use the appropriate tool or protocol to solve networking issues
Copper Media what is the IEEE 802.3 Standard? 2 points
Defines physical and data link layers, including MAC, for wired Ethernet
networks.
Commonly used in Local Area Networks (LANs)
Copper Media what are Twisted Pair Cables 4 points
A type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted
together
■ Twisting reduces electromagnetic interference and crosstalk
■ Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
● Composed of pairs of wires twisted together without additional
shielding being added to the cable
● Lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective
■ Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
● Includes shielding for better EMI protection
● More expensive, bulkier, and more difficult to install
Categories
● CAT 5
● CAT 5e
● CAT 6
● CAT 6a
● CAT 7
● CAT 8
Copper Media, what are Coaxial Cables 5 points
A fundamental part of networking and broadcasting for decades
■ Consists of single copper conductor at its core, with insulating layer and
conductive shield
■ RG-6
● Used to support faster internet speed in most residential
installations
● Standard for modern coaxial cable
● Supports up to 1 Gbps at up to around 300-meter distance
■ RG-59
● Older standard for coaxial cables
● Not commonly used anymore
■ Direct Attach Copper (DAC) Cables
● Fixed assembly copper cabling for short distances
● Connects switches, routers, or servers
Supports up to 100 Gbps at short distances
Whtat are the Twinaxial Cable 5 points
Often a component of DAC assembly
● Considered as another specialized form of cabling
● Two insulated copper conductors
● Used in SFP+ and QSFP applications
● Supports 10 Gbps to 100 Gbps, up to 100 meters
Plenum vs. Non-Plenum Cables (3 points)
■ Plenum – Fire-retardant, suitable for air circulation spaces
■ Non-Plenum – Less fire-resistant, used where fire risk is lower
■ Plenum meets strict fire safety standards of NFPA and NEC
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It is important to remember the basic speed and distance for each type of cable (9 points)
■ CAT 5 – 100 Mbps at 100 meters
■ CAT 5e – 1Gbps at 100 meters
■ CAT 6 – 1Gbps at 100 meters; 10 Gbps at 55 meters
■ CAT 6a – 10 Gbps at 100 meters
■ CAT 7 – 10 Gbps at 100 meters
■ CAT 8 – 10-25 or 40 Gbps at 30 meters
■ RG-6 – 1 Gbps at 300 meters
■ Twinaxial – 10 Gbps or more at 10 meters
■ DAC – 100 Gbps at 15 meters (active cables); 100 Gbps at 7 meters
(passive cables)
Importance of Copper Media?
■ Versatile and robust for various networking needs
■ Lower cost, easier to install and maintain
■ Remains vital in network infrastructure
Copper Network Connections Registered Jack(RJ-X) What is it?
2 Points
A standard telecommunication nw interface
RJ-11 and Rj-45 (Crucial for voice and data nw, used twisted pair cables)
Copper NW Con What is Radio Guide and what is the abbriviation 3 Points
Series for coaxixal cables, used in high-speed internet, television, and radio conn
Commonly used cables (RG-6 - for cable TV, RG-59 for older applications)
Copper Network Con Connectors, 4 Points
RJ-11 (standard for telephone wiring, 6P2C conf (6 positions, 2 conductors, smaller size, Not suitable for high-speed data transmission)
RJ-45 (Standard for data networks (Ethernet), 8P8C conf (8 positions & conductor)s. Wiedely used for comp, switches, router, compatible with CAT 5 to CAT8 cables - suport higher bandwidths with higher CAT numbers
F-Type Connector (Screw-on connector used with RG-6 and RG-59 coaxial cables, Standard for cable TV, satellite, and cable internet conn
BNC Connector (Bayonet Neill-conectro) (coaxial connector with a secure bayonet locking meachanism, used with RG-6 or RG-59, coaxial cables, “Push and twist” style connector, Common in professional video conn and radio frequency, Introduced in 1940 often erroneously called British Naval Computer
Copper NW, Application specifics name and describe 4
RJ-11 - for voice based comm nw (telephones)
RJ-45 for data devices in data nw (computer, printers, switches, routers
F-Type - for coaxial calbe in cable TV, saterllite, and cable internet conns
BNC - for professional video connections and radio frequency applications
Building a Copper Cable, Demonstration what is DTE? 1 point
DTE (Data Terminal Equipment - Endpoint devices that connect to piece of DCE (e. g. laptops desktops, servers, routers)
Building a Copper Cable, Demonstration what is DCE? 1 point
Data Communications Equipment (DCE) - switches, modems, hubs, bridges
Building a Copper Cable, Demonstration, What is Straight-through? 1 point
DTE to DCE/DCE to DTE
Building a Copper Cable, Demonstration What is called Crossover? 3 points
DTE to DTE/DCE to DCE
Crossover Cable - Swaps send and receive pin on the other end of the cable when connector and its pinout are created (568A<->568B)
Its required for switch to switch
Building a Copper Cable, Demonstration, What does MDIX stand for and what is it? (probably no exam question)
Medium Dependent Interface Crossover (MDIX) (automated way to electronically simulate a crossover cable even if using a straight-through patch cable (might not be relevant) (in exam assume switch is older and does not support MDIX unless exam states otherwise)
Building a Copper Cable, Demonstration, 568A<->568B How is the wiring done?
1,2,3,6 connected to 1-3, 2-6, 3-1, 6-2 (might want to watch the demonstration video again)
Fiber Media What is it (2points) 3 Advantages , 2 Drawbacks
Transmits data using light no electrical impulses
Offers significant advantages over copper media-based nw
advantages:
Immunity to EMI (electromagnetic interference), dosent require shielding like copper cables
Longer transmission distances with minimal signal loss (can span hundreds of miles, Suitable for local conn and transcontinental data transmission
Higher data transfer speeds (can reach speeds beyond 10 Gbps)
drawabks
Cost (fiber media is more expensive than copper)
Complexity (requires specialized tools and training for installation and repair)
Fiber Media, what is Two Main Types of Fiber Optic Cables? both 5 points
Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) - Designed for long distance comm -Small glass core allows light to travel in a single path without dispersion (8.3 to 10 microns in diameter) - Preffered for backbon installations and connections over vast areas - Yellow sheath - For long-range transmissions with higher bandwith
Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) - Tailored for shorter distances (2 km to 1mile) - Larger fibre core size allows light to trave in multiple paths (50 to 100 microns) - Suitable for connecting server to switches within buildings or campuses - Aqua blue or orange sheath - For internal nw infrastructures, offering cost-effectiveness and eas of installation
Fiber Network Connections when is it created? 1 point, What are Fiber Connectors? 2 points
Created by connection a fiber optic cable to two different devices
Fiber Connectors - Enable a quicker connection and disconnection from nw - Two different sets of connectors on the cable: (for transmission side, for receive side)
Fiber Network Connections, Name and explain all 5 types
SC Connector (Subscriber Connector)
- Square shape with push-pull design
- Widley used in single-mode fibers
- Common in telecommunications and data networking
- Used in FTTH (Fiber to the Home) deployments for reliablility and eas of use
LC Connector (Lucent Connector)
- Compact size with push-pull mechanism
- Favored in high-density applications like data centers
- Often shipped as paired cables for transmit and receive sides
- Features high-precision alignment, ensuring efficient data transmission and minimized potential data loss
ST Connector (Striaght Tip Connector) (Stick and Twist)
- Round shape with twist-lock mechanism (Critically important when operating in any kind of environment where movement or vibrations might occur)
- Reliable connection, commonly used in multi-mode fiber optics
- Well-suited for outdoor applications due to its durability
MTRJ Connector (Mechanical Transfer-Registered Jack)
- Small rectangular design housing transmit and receive fibers
- Suitable fo space-constrained applications like office LANs
- Offers high-density capabilities with an RJ-style latch mechanism
- Offers cost-effective solution for densely populated nw environments
MPO Connector (Multi-fiber Push On Connector)
- Designed for multiple fibers in a single connector
- Essential in high-density applications such as data centers and high-speed nw
- Enables quick and efficient connections, curical for rapid scalability
Fiber Network Connections, What can each type of connector be?
polished or shaped
Fiber Network Connections, Name and explain 3 Polish Types
PC (Physical Contact) Style
- Having slight curvature in the fiber face to lower back reflections over standard stright-cut fiber
- Provides the least effective reduction in back reflection
- Best suited for short-distance or lower-speed data transmissions
UPC (Ultra Pyhsical Contact) Style
- Having dome-shaped end-face for better core alignment
- Offers lower back reflection than PC style
- Suitable for general boradband applications
APC (Angeld Phyiscal Contact) Style
- Uses an 8-degree angled polish to greatly reduce back reflection
- Lowest amount of back reflection
- Well-suited for high bandwidth and long-distance applications such as undersea cable nw
