Networing 2.6 - network config concepts Flashcards
Before any computer on a network can communicate with the Internet, it will need (3)
IP address, a default gateway, and a subnet mask. You can supply this information manually (static) or you can use a DCHP server to supply this information automatically (dynamic).
The subnet mask is used to
block out a portion of the IP address (to distinguish the network ID from the host ID & to identify whether the IP address of the destination host is on a local network or on a remote network.
- Subnet mask addresses are 32-bit numbers. Every host on a TCP/IP network will need to be configured with a subnet mask.
- Use the default subnet mask = not dividing your network into subnets
- create custom subnet addresses if your networks are to be divided into subnets.
The default gateway is the address of the
default router
Allows you to segregate network traffic based on the switch port connections
A virtual LAN (VLAN)
Eg if computers in the Marketing department are connected to ports 3, 6, 12 and 14, those ports can be assigned to VLAN100; If computers in the Accounting department are connected to ports 4, 15, 17, and 20, they can be assigned to VLAN200. In this configuration, computers on VLAN100 would be segregated from computers on VLAN200. VLAN assignments can span multiple switches, but each switch port can only belong to one VLAN. By default, all switch ports are assigned to VLAN1.
It is often advantageous to assign a static IP address to devices like
wireless access points, printers, servers, and routers
DHCP reservations allow you to .
assign a relatively permanent IP address to a specific device
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows for the use of a
(most popular is PAT)
private, non-routable IP address in an internal network.
- most common type of NAT is Port Address Translation (PAT), where the private IP address is assigned a short lease port number, and that number is atteched to the router’s public IP address.
- Private address are IP addresses that are solely used within a local area network to differentiate different network devices when sending and receiving data streams.
- Public addresses allow devices to communicate with each other that are on separate networks through an internet connection.
Link local addresses in IPv6 begin with
FE80::
In IPv4, an IP address of 169.254.x.x will be assigned when (APIPA)
when DHCP server is not available. An APIPA address allows the computer to communicate with other devices on the network.
Link-local and APIPA addresses are not
routable addresses ( they’re reserved & private)
No default gateway (router) to ext network/internet
To securely connect to a corporate network from remote locations over the Internet, you should set up a
a virtual private network (VPN).
- iPhone, go to Settings > General > VPN. Choose Add VPN Configuration, and enter the settings provided to you by the VPN administrator
- Android device, using the integrated VPN, you should select Wireless and Network Settings under Menu. Then select VPN. In the VPN Screen, select Add VPN Network. Provide the VPN Name and the IP address of the VPN Server, and then save the configuration. When you wish to connect to the VPN, supply the appropriate login credentials and select Connect.
A pointer (PTR) record maps an IP address
DNS record type*
to a hostname (reverse look up)
A host or address (A) record maps a hostname
DNS record type*
to an IPv4 address
An AAAA record maps a hostname to
DNS record type*
an IPv6 address
A mail exchange (MX) record maps a domain name to an e-mail server.
DNS record type*
an e-mail server.
