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Biology 30 > Nervouse System Part.A > Flashcards

Nervouse System Part.A Flashcards

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1
Q

3 main functions of the nervous system

A
  1. Detect stimuli
  2. Interpret stimuli
  3. Initiate a response (goosebumps)
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2
Q

The nervous system is split into two

A

Central and Peripheral

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3
Q

The CNS is split into two

A

Brain and spine

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4
Q

The PNS is split into two

A
  1. Automatic nervous system
  2. Somatic nervous system
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5
Q

The automatic N.S is split into two

A

1.Sympathetic N.S
2. Parasympathetic N.S

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6
Q

The somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are split into two neuron categories

A

Sensory neurons and motor neurons

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7
Q

Is the somatic N.S voluntary or involuntary

A

Voluntary

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8
Q

Wich N.S is invonluntary

A

Automatic N.S

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9
Q

What is another word for nerve cell

A

Neuron

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10
Q

3 main types of neurons

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Interneurons
  3. Motor neuron
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11
Q

What is the sensory neurons main purpose

A

Relays info abt environment to central nervous system (touch, smell, pain, sound)

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12
Q

What are the 5 stages in the typical pathway of a message in transmission

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory
  3. Interneurons (brain or spinal cord)
  4. Motor
  5. Effector
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13
Q

What is the synapse

A

Space between the terminal ends of the presynaptic cell and the dendrites of the post synaptic cell

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14
Q

Where is the cell body on a sensory neuron (unipolar)

A

Dangling off the axon in the middle

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15
Q

Where is the cell body on a Bipolar neuron (found in retina in eyes)

A

On the middle, has two tails

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16
Q

Where is the cell body in a motor neuron (multipolar)

A

At the top, normal looking one

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17
Q

What happens if the cell body gets damaged

A

Entire neuron dies

18
Q

Can the axon regenerate? Why?

A

Yes, covered by neurilemma

19
Q

What speeds up neuron transmission of an impulse?

A

Myelin wrap (Schwann cells), makes message jump node to node

20
Q

5 components of reflex arc

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory
  3. Interneurons
  4. Motor
  5. Effector
21
Q

Why is the reflex arc the simplest type of nerve pathway

A

It does not involve the brain coordination

22
Q

Two words used to describe small gap between nerve terminals

A

Synaptic cleft or synapse

23
Q

Describe the sodium, potassium and charges in axon

A

Sodium positive outside, potassium negative inside

24
Q

What is the average resting membrane potential for neurons

A

-70

25
Q

What type of energy is used to function the sodium potassium pump

A

Adenosine triphosphate

26
Q

What happens to sodium during depolarization

A

Na ions rush inside neuron, goes up to +40mv

27
Q

What is the essential ion used for establishing resting potential during repolarization

A

Potassium

28
Q

What is the treshold level

A

-55mv

29
Q

What is the refractory period

A

Recovery, trying to go back to polarized

30
Q

What is exocytosis

A

Cellular process where the neurotransmitters are released

31
Q

What is critical for smooth motor skills regarding neurotransmitters

A

A balance with excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters

32
Q

What are the neurotransmitter substances

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

33
Q

What is acetylcholine broken down into

A

Acetate and choline

34
Q

What breaks down acetylcholine

A

An enzyme called cholinesterase

35
Q

How do we recycle neurotransmitters if the enzymes don’t break em down

A

Thé presynaptic membrane sucks em up

36
Q

How to pesticides interfere with neurotransmitters

A

They don’t release from receptor sites and can’t be broken down=constant state of depolarization

37
Q

What releases the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

A

Calcium

38
Q

What are the two types of summation

A

Temporal and spatial

39
Q

Explain temporal summation

A

Several impulses come from same axon in quick succession, they sum up and reach treshold level

40
Q

Explain spatial summation

A

Impulses from different axons sum up, add up and reach treshold level

Biology 30 (11 decks)

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