Nervouse System Part.A

Question 1

3 main functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

1. Detect stimuli
2. Interpret stimuli
3. Initiate a response (goosebumps)

Question 2

The nervous system is split into two

Answer 2

Central and Peripheral

Question 3

The CNS is split into two

Answer 3

Brain and spine

Question 4

The PNS is split into two

Answer 4

1. Automatic nervous system
2. Somatic nervous system

Question 5

The automatic N.S is split into two

Answer 5

1.Sympathetic N.S
2. Parasympathetic N.S

Question 6

The somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are split into two neuron categories

Answer 6

Sensory neurons and motor neurons

Question 7

Is the somatic N.S voluntary or involuntary

Answer 7

Voluntary

Question 8

Wich N.S is invonluntary

Answer 8

Automatic N.S

Question 9

What is another word for nerve cell

Answer 9

Neuron

Question 10

3 main types of neurons

Answer 10

1. Sensory
2. Interneurons
3. Motor neuron

Question 11

What is the sensory neurons main purpose

Answer 11

Relays info abt environment to central nervous system (touch, smell, pain, sound)

Question 12

What are the 5 stages in the typical pathway of a message in transmission

Answer 12

1. Receptor
2. Sensory
3. Interneurons (brain or spinal cord)
4. Motor
5. Effector

Question 13

What is the synapse

Answer 13

Space between the terminal ends of the presynaptic cell and the dendrites of the post synaptic cell

Question 14

Where is the cell body on a sensory neuron (unipolar)

Answer 14

Dangling off the axon in the middle

Question 15

Where is the cell body on a Bipolar neuron (found in retina in eyes)

Answer 15

On the middle, has two tails

Question 16

Where is the cell body in a motor neuron (multipolar)

Answer 16

At the top, normal looking one

Question 17

What happens if the cell body gets damaged

Answer 17

Entire neuron dies

Question 18

Can the axon regenerate? Why?

Answer 18

Yes, covered by neurilemma

Question 19

What speeds up neuron transmission of an impulse?

Answer 19

Myelin wrap (Schwann cells), makes message jump node to node

Question 20

5 components of reflex arc

Answer 20

1. Receptor
2. Sensory
3. Interneurons
4. Motor
5. Effector

Question 21

Why is the reflex arc the simplest type of nerve pathway

Answer 21

It does not involve the brain coordination

Question 22

Two words used to describe small gap between nerve terminals

Answer 22

Synaptic cleft or synapse

Question 23

Describe the sodium, potassium and charges in axon

Answer 23

Sodium positive outside, potassium negative inside

Question 24

What is the average resting membrane potential for neurons

Answer 24

-70

Question 25

What type of energy is used to function the sodium potassium pump

Answer 25

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 26

What happens to sodium during depolarization

Answer 26

Na ions rush inside neuron, goes up to +40mv

Question 27

What is the essential ion used for establishing resting potential during repolarization

Answer 27

Potassium

Question 28

What is the treshold level

Answer 28

-55mv

Question 29

What is the refractory period

Answer 29

Recovery, trying to go back to polarized

Question 30

What is exocytosis

Answer 30

Cellular process where the neurotransmitters are released

Question 31

What is critical for smooth motor skills regarding neurotransmitters

Answer 31

A balance with excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 32

What are the neurotransmitter substances

Answer 32

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Question 33

What is acetylcholine broken down into

Answer 33

Acetate and choline

Question 34

What breaks down acetylcholine

Answer 34

An enzyme called cholinesterase

Question 35

How do we recycle neurotransmitters if the enzymes don’t break em down

Answer 35

Thé presynaptic membrane sucks em up

Question 36

How to pesticides interfere with neurotransmitters

Answer 36

They don’t release from receptor sites and can’t be broken down=constant state of depolarization

Question 37

What releases the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Answer 37

Calcium

Question 38

What are the two types of summation

Answer 38

Temporal and spatial

Question 39

Explain temporal summation

Answer 39

Several impulses come from same axon in quick succession, they sum up and reach treshold level

Question 40

Explain spatial summation

Answer 40

Impulses from different axons sum up, add up and reach treshold level