Nervous Tissue Structure And Function:

Question 1

What type of neurones does the peripheral nervous system contain?

Answer 1

Sensory and motor neurones

Question 2

What type of neurones does the CNS contain?

Answer 2

Relay neurones

Question 3

Describe the distribution of grey and white matter in the brain and in the CNS:

Answer 3

• White matter central in brain. Grey matter peripheral in brain.
• White matter periferal in spinal cord. Grey matter central. (Butterfly shaped).

Question 4

What connects the ventral horns to the dorsal horns?

Answer 4

Grey commissure.

Question 5

Which parts of the axon lie within the CNS and which parts lie in the PNS?

Answer 5

• The main cell body, dendrites (cytoplasmic projections) and the proximal part of the axon lie in the CNS.
• The distal part of the axon lies in the PNS.

Question 6

What are the 4 types of neurones?

Answer 6

• sensory
• motor
• integrative
• anaxonic

Question 7

Describe the location and function of motor and sensory neurones:

Answer 7

Motor:
Location: CNS to periphery.
Function: to send signals to effector tissues.

Sensory:
Location: Periphery towards CNS.
Function: to send environmental signals to integrative centre e.g. pain signals to brain.

Question 8

Describe the location and function of the integrative and anaxonic neurones:

Answer 8

Integrative:
Location: CNS
Function: collate all info

Anaxonic: (no axon).
Location: retina (some parts of CNS).
Function: To act as relays.

Question 9

What are the majority of the nerves within the CNS?

Answer 9

• interneurones

Question 10

What are the 5 different types of synapses:

Answer 10

• axosomatic
• axodendritic
• axoaxonic
• dendro-dendritic
• axo-axonal

Question 11

What is an axosomatic synapse?

Answer 11

• direct to plasma membrane of nerve/cell.

Question 12

What is an axodendritic synapse?

Answer 12

• axon terminal synapses with a dendritic spine.

Question 13

What is an axoaxonnic synapse?

Answer 13

• synapse at the axonic bouton (knob). May enhance or inhibit the original synapse.

Question 14

What is the function of an ependymal cell?

Answer 14

• Synthesises and secretes cerebrospinal fluid and cilia on the surface of these cells move CSF from the ventricles to the spinal cord.

Question 15

What are some symptoms of MS?

Answer 15

• fatigue
• vision problems
• slurred speech
• numbness and tingling sensations.
• mobility issues.
• urinary retention
• constipation

Question 16

What causes MS?

Answer 16

• autoimmune degradation of the myelin sheath.

- its a remitting and relapsing disease.

Question 17

What is the perkaryon?

Answer 17

• The cell body of a neurone (containing a nucelus).

Question 18

In the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems which part of the neurone is normally short and which part is normally long? Where do both of the neurones synapse?

Answer 18

Sympathetic:

• pre-ganglionic is short. Post ganglionic is long.
• synapses near the vertebral column.

Parasympathetic:

• pre-ganglionic is long. Post ganglionic is short.
• synapses close to or in wall of target tissue.

Question 19

In the autonomic nervous system ( sympathetic and parasymppathetic), which neurone is myelinated and which is unmyelinated?

Answer 19

• pre-ganglionic is myelinated.

- post-ganglionic is unmyelinated.

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is used for the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 20

• sympathetic - noradrenaline.

- parasympathetic - Ach