Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Body Logistics > Dermatology (Skin Diseases) > Flashcards

Dermatology (Skin Diseases) Flashcards

1
Q

What name would you give to a small lump of <5mm and to a large lump (5-10mm)?

A

Small - papule

Larger - nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What names are given to small water blisters and large water blisters?

A

Small - vesicle

Large - Bulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the medical name for redness of the skin?

A

Erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 flat lesions and how can these be described in layman’s terms?

A

Macule - non palpable area of discoloration.
Patch - macule >2cm
Plaque - palpable, flat topped area >2cm.

Palpable means you are able to feel it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the medical term for a scratch?

A

Excoriations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the medical term for a stretch?

A

Striae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the medical term for an itch?

A

Pruritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the medical term for thread veins visible on the skin?

A

Telangiectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the medical term for scaling of the skin?

A

Ichthyosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the terms for the loss of the epidermis and for the loss of both the epidermis and dermis together?

A

Loss of epidermis =Erosion

Loss of epidermis and dermis = ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the medical term used to describe thickening of the skin with exaggerated skin markings?

A

Lichenification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the medical term for bruising?

A

Ecchymoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the medical terms used to describe too much hair and too little hair?

A

Too much - hirsuitim

Too little - alopecia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 3 major events lead to the process of inflammation?

A
  • vasodilation
  • Influx of leukocytes
  • Increased microvascular permeability resulting in production of a protein rich exudate.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is psoriasis?

A
  • A skin condition that causes red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silver coloured scales.
  • Patches normally appear on the elbows, knees, scalp and lower back.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes psoriasis?

A

Caused by problems with the immune system - T cells attack dividing cells.

17
Q

What type of disease is psoriasis?

A
  • An autoimmune disease (probably inherited - family members often also suffer from disease).
18
Q

What are common triggers of psoriasis?

A
  • injury to skin e.g. a cut.
  • drinking excessive amounts of alcohol.
  • smoking
  • hormonal changes (puberty and menopause in women).
  • certain medicines (e.g. lithium or antimalarials).
  • other immune disorders (e.g. HIV)
19
Q

What are some key features of psoriasis?

A
  • Reduced ‘epidermal transit time’ - skin cells are replaced more quickly than normal. Cells that are not yet fully mature accumulate an keratin is lost.
  • normal = 3-4 weeks
  • with psoriasis = 3-7 days
  • Thickening of epidermal layer.
  • Increased vascularity of the upper dermis (causes skin redness).
20
Q

What is another name for eczema?

A

Atopic dermatitis

21
Q

What are the main symptoms of eczema?

A
  • Red, dry, itchy and cracked skin.
  • Inflammation, bleeding and pain in extreme cases.
  • Usually found in skin creases (e.g. back of the knee or on the inside of the elbows).
22
Q

What causes eczema?

A
  • internal: asthma or seasonal allergies.

- external: stress, contact with soaps or detergents.

23
Q

What is malignant melanoma and what are the signs to look out for?

A
  • A type of skin cancer that can metatasise to other organs in the body.
  • Sign: Appearance of a new mole or a change in an existing mole.
24
Q

What are some of the risk factors for malignant melanomas?

A
  • Sun exposure
  • Type of skin (pale skin with freckles more at risk than darker skin).
  • genetic predisposition to melanoma.
  • non inherited mutations
25
Q

What are the two main types of malignant melanomas?

A
  • nodular melanomas - changing lump on skin, black/red in colour. Commonly occur on head, neck, chest and back and bleeding is a common sign.
  • Lentigo maligna melanomas - flat and develop sideways, may gradually get bigger and change shape. Can grow downwards into deeper layers of skin.
26
Q

How would you treat a malignant melanoma?

A
  • remove it
  • radiotherapy
  • chemotherapy
27
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

A long term skin condition where pale white patches develop on the skin caused by a lack of melanin.

28
Q

What areas of the body are most commonly affected by vitiligo?

A
  • skin around the mouth and eyes.
  • fingers and wrists
  • armpits
  • groin
  • genitals
  • inside of the mouth
29
Q

What is non-segmented vitiligo? What is segmented vitiligo?

A
  • Symptoms appear on both sides of the body as symmetrical white patches.
  • Patches only affect one area of the body.
  • Segmented vitiligo is less common and usually starts earlier than segmented vitiligo.
30
Q

What are the most common causes for segmented and non-segmented vitiligo?

A

Non - segmented - autoimmune condition ( T-cells attack healthy melanocytes and kill them).
Segmented - thought to be caused by neurochemicals (neuropeptide Y) which causes melanocytes to autolyse.

31
Q

What is alopecia areata and what causes it?

A
  • Hair is lost from some areas of the body, most often the scalp (spot baldness).
  • Cause: autoimmune
32
Q

What is acne and what are alternative term for open and closed comedones?

A
  • skin condition that affects the sebaceous glands.
  • Open comedones = blackheads
  • Closed comedones = whiteheads

Body Logistics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions