Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P Lecture notecards > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

(109 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 3 basic steps of nervous system function

A

sensory function, interpretation, and motor response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the support cells of the nervous system

A

neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 main subdivision of the Nervous system

A

CNS-central nervous system, & PNS-peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

These cells play a major role in support and nutrition of the brain, but they do not manipulate info

A

Neuroglia (glial cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These cells maintain the internal environment so that neurons can do their jobs

A

neuroglia (glial cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The PNS is further divided into 3 addtl parts

A

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the PNS consist of

A

all nervous tissue outside the CNS, including nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses, and sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

These neurons that convey info from sensory receptors in the head, body wall and limbs towards the CNS

A

Afferent Neurons which is the Somatic sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

These neurons conduct impulses away from the CNS towards the skeletal muscles under volutary control in the periphery

A

Efferent neurons, part of the somatic motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These are part of the SNS and are any neurons that conduct impusles between afferent and efferent neurons within the CNS

A

Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The SNS consist of 3 neuron categories, they include

A

Somatic sensory neurons, somatic mostor neurons and interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ANS consists of 2 groups of neurons, please list

A

sensory neurons and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

these neurons convey info from autonomic sensory receptors located in visceral organs like the stomach or lungs to the CNS

A

sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

these neurons are under involutary control and conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

A

Motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The motor part of the ANS consists of two branches, which are

A

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This division of the nervous system involutarily controls GI propulsion, and acid hormonal secretions.

A

ENS-the brain of the gut!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

These are small masses of neuronal cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord, they are closely associated with cranial and spinal nerves

A

Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

These are the messengers of the nervous system, forming complex processing networks within the brain and spinal cord

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List the parts of the neuron

A

cell body, axon, dendrites and axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

These are short, highly branched structures that conduct impulses toward the cell body. They are the receiving end of the neuron

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

another name for the neuron of the cell body

A

soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The cell body does not include a …….. for mitosis, what is it

A

organell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

these conduct impulses away from the cell body toward another neuron or effector cell

A

axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What joins the axon and cell body

A

axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the part at the start of the axon
initial segment
26
this is between the axon hillock and initial segment.
trigger zone
27
This is the part of the axon where the NERVE impulse STARTS
trigger zone
28
An axon (and collaterals) ends by dividing into many fine processes called what
axon terminals
29
The tips of the axon are called what
synaptic end bulbs
30
some synaptic end bulbs have bumps these are called what
varicosities
31
communication between 2 neurons or between a neuron and another effector cell is called what
synapse
32
the presynaptic neurons contain many tiny membrane-enclosed sacs called what
synaptic vesicles
33
synaptic vesicles store what
neurotransmitters
34
what makes all the proteins needed in the axon
the cell body
35
carrying materials from the cell body to the axon terminals and back is called what
a transport system
36
there are two types of transport systems in the neuron, what are they called
slow axonal transport and fast axonal transport
37
this transport system sends new axoplasm in one directional only
slow axonal transport
38
forward direction in slow axonal transport is called what
anterograde
39
this transport system moves materials in anterograde and retrograde directions using microtubules and motor proteins
fast axonal transport
40
backward direction in the transport system is called what
retrograde
41
What can invade fast retrograde transport in the nervous system
pathogens
42
Give examples of pathogens that disrupt the nervous system
herpes simplex, rabies and polio, tetnus
43
classifying neurons based on the number of processes extending from the cell body
structural classifications
44
This neuron has several dendrites and only one axon, most neurons are this structural type
multipolar structure
45
this neuron has one main dendrite and one axon, classify it's structure
bipolar structure
46
These neurons assist with site, smell and hearing/balance what is their structure
bipolar structure
47
these neurons are located throughout the spinal cord and brain, what is their structure
multipolar structure
48
These neurons contain one process which extends from the body and divides into a central branch that functions as an axon and as a dentritic root, what is the neuron structure
unipolar structure (pseudounipolar)
49
Most sensory neurons are what structure
unipolar structure
50
The interneurons that process, store, retrieve info and make decisions are what structure
multipolar structure
51
Motor (efferent) send signals from the CNS to effectors usually muscles and glands what neuron structure are these
multipolar
52
These support neurons in many ways two examples of this are they form the blood-brain barrier and form the myelin sheath around axons, what are they
neuroglia
53
These support neurons in many ways, some examples of this are they participate in phagocytosis and they make the CSF that circulates around the brain and spinal cord
neuroglia
54
This is the process of forming a myelin sheath which insulates and increases nerve impulse speed
myelination
55
what forms the myelin sheath
oligodendrocytes and schwann cells
56
These are gaps in the myelin sheath and are called
Nodes of Ranvier
57
What increases the speed of nerve conduction on the neuroglia
myelin sheath
58
A disease that destroys the myelin
MS
59
this is found in the brain and spinal cord and is formed from aggregations of myelinated axons from many neurons
white matter
60
what gives the myelin it's white appearance
lipid
61
this is found in the brain and spinal cord and is formed from neuronal cell bodies and dendrites
gray matter
62
Neurons communicate with one another using 2 types of electrical signals called what
graded potentials and action potentials
63
this is used in neurons for short distance communication only
graded potentials
64
this communication in neurons allows communication over long distances iwthin the body
action potentials
65
Producing electrical signals in neurons depends on the existence of a RMP, what is this
resting membrane potential
66
This is similar to the electrical potential between battery terminals to another
RMP-Resting Membrane potential-electric signal in neurons
67
A cells RMP is created using ion gradients and ....... .......
ion channels
68
these are present in the plasma membrane of all cells in the body but they are an epecially prominent component of the nervous system
ion channels
69
all the energy expended by neurons is used to create what
a net negative charge inside vs outside the cell
70
When ion channels are open, they allow ions to move across the plasma membrane down their
electrochemical gradient
71
How do ions move in relation to the electrochemical gradient
ions move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
72
What are the 3 types of active, gated channels
Ligand-gated, voltage-gated, and mechanically-gated
73
A "gated" electric signal in neurons describes what specifically
Active channels open in response to a stimulus
74
these gated channels respond to neurotransmitters and are mainly concentrated at the synapse
ligand-gated
75
these gated channels respond to changes in the transmembrane electrical potential and are mainly located along the neuronal axon
Voltage-gated
76
These gated channels respond to mechanical deformation (applying pressure to a receptor)
Mechanically-gated
77
These channels are also gated but they are not active, and open and close randomly
Leakage
78
When is the neurons RMP measured
when it is not conducting a nerve impulse
79
Why does the resting membrane potential exist
because of small buildup of neg ions in the cytosol, & buildup of pos ion in the extracellular fluid
80
where does the buildup of charge occur
very close to the membrane of the cell
81
where in the cell is the cytosol neutral
everywhere else except close to the membrane
82
Why is RMP slightly negative
Due to unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
83
A cell that exhibits a RMP is said to be what?
POLARIZED
84
When the cell is polarized or "primed" it is ready to produce?
An action potential
85
In order for a cell to produce an action potential what must be produced
graded or local potentials must be produced in order to "depolarize" the cell
86
A stimulus that causes the cell to be less neg charged w/respect to the extracellular fluid is what
A depolarizing graded potential
87
A stimulus that causes the cell to be more neg charged is a what
hyperpolarizing graded postential
88
These are voltage variable and can be added together or cancel each other out
Graded Potentials
89
Graded potentials occur mainly where
dendrites and cell body
90
Do graded potentials travel down the axon
NO!!!
91
This is impusle/signal which travels the length of the axon
Action Potential
92
a full strength nerve impulse is produced and spreads down the axon of the neuron to the axon terminals, this means the neuron has received what?
a threshold stimulus
93
If the stimulus is not strong enough, a subthreshold stimulus what happens
no nerve impulse will result
94
What is another name for the "all-or-none-principle that occurs during action potential impulses
Threshold stimulus
95
What are the two main phases of Action Potentials
depolarizing and repolarizing
96
When sodium rushes into the cell, what is the change in the charge
more positive ++++++
97
During repolarization, potassium rushes outward, what happens to the charge
more negative charge will result
98
What is the membrane potential resting level
-70mV
99
After the threshold point, during which a cell cannot generate another AP is called
absolute refractory period
100
This is a period of time during which a 2nd action potential can be initiated, by only by a larger-than-normal stimulus
Relative refractory period
101
How does the current continue to travel (2 ways)
continuous conduction and saltatory conduction
102
this is where the current continues to travel in myelinated axons, and the AP jumps from one note to the next
Saltatory conduction
103
The speed of AP propagation (current travel) depends on 3 factors
amt of myelination, axon diameter and temperature
104
What axon fiber is the largest
A fibers
105
What axon fibers are the smallest
C fibers
106
This is a one way transfer from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron
signal transmission at the synapse
107
the intensity of graded potentials in the postsynaptic cell is controlled by what
how much neurotransmitter is released
108
In a simple way, explain how synaptic transmission works
the electrical signal or nerve impulse is converted into a chemical signal when neurotransmitter is released all by the presynaptic neuron
109
what happens when the POST synaptic neuron receives the chemical signal
in turn, generates an electrical signal

A&P Lecture notecards (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions