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A&P Lecture notecards > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

The innermost covering of the spinal cord is the

A

pia mater

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2
Q

The spinal cord is held in place by the

A

filum terminale and denticulate ligaments

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3
Q

The dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of

A

sensory neurons

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4
Q

which of the following is true concerning the meninges

A

they cover brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

what is a characteristic of meninges

A

they cover brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

in a diagnostic spinal tap, lumbar puncture of an adult, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the

A

subarachnoid space

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7
Q

the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are found in which region of the spinal cord

A

anterior horn

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8
Q

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut what would be the result in the region supplied by that nerve

A

loss of movement

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9
Q

what is a characteristic of spinal nerves

A

the posterior root contains sensory axons

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10
Q

inferior to the lumbar enlargement, the spinal cord tapers to a conical portion called the

A

conus medullaris

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11
Q

a bundle of fibers located within the CNS is a

A

tract

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12
Q

if you inserted a needle between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebra, you would probably hit the

A

cauda equina

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13
Q

Spinal nerves are not part of the

A

CNS

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14
Q

The connective tissue sheath around a group of neuronal fibers (a fasicle) is called the

A

perineurium

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15
Q

the cranial menginges

A

cover the brain

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16
Q

the most superior part of the brain is the

A

cerebrum

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17
Q

the blook brain barrier is created by tight junction seals around brain capillaries formed by the

A

astrocytes

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18
Q

cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the

A

choroid plexuses

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19
Q

the pyramids are located in the

A

medulla oblongata

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20
Q

the cerebral aqueduct passes thru the

A

midbrain

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21
Q

the principal motor fibers that decussate int he medulla originate in the

A

cerebral cortex

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22
Q

the region in the brain stem responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep is the

A

reticular activating system

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23
Q

what are 2 characteristics of the transverse fissure

A

it separates the cerbrum and cerebellum and contains the tentorium cerebelli

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24
Q

the part of the brain that function to coordinate voluntary muscular movements and detect descrepancies when movements are not being carried out correctly is the

A

cerebellum

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25
Q

the region of the brain that helps to control equilibrium is the

A

cerebellum

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26
Q

the principle relay station for sensory impulses as they pass to the cerbral cortex is the

A

thalamus

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27
Q

the hypothalamus is located in the

A

diencephalon

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28
Q

the corpus callosum is a bridge of ___tracts connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres

A

commissural

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29
Q

projection fibers connect

A

the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS

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30
Q

if a patient is having difficulty seeing, you might expect problems with the

A

occipital cortex

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31
Q

the primary motor area of the brain is in the

A

frontal cortex

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32
Q

if Broca’s area of the cerebrum is damaged, the result is loss of

A

speech

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33
Q

the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the___lobe

A

parietal

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34
Q

a region located on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe receives impulses relating to

A

smell

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35
Q

the primary auditory area is located in the

A

termporal lobe

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36
Q

which electroencephalogram brain waves indicate emotional stress

A

theta waves

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37
Q

which of the following indicates the correct order in which cranial nerves originate from the base of the brain

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigemenal

38
Q

loss of the sense of smell could result from injury to which cranial nerve

A

I

39
Q

the oculomotor nerve originates in the

A

midbrain

40
Q

which neural path consists of two motor neurons

A

autonomic

41
Q

sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse in

A

sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglia

42
Q

80% of the total craniosacral outflow is carried by

A

vagus nerve

43
Q

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in

A

terminal ganglia

44
Q

what is a distinguishing characteristic concerning the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

A

most presynaptic fibers are very short

45
Q

all postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ____ganglion go to structures in the head

A

superior cervical

46
Q

nerve fibers of the sympathetic division originate in the

A

thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord

47
Q

the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the

A

spinal cord

48
Q

preganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion are associated w/cranial nerves

A

III

49
Q

the white rami contain

A

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

50
Q

_____are long; _____are short

A

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic postganglionic fibers

51
Q

what drug is a non-specific beta blocker that reduces heart rate and force of contraction

A

propranolol

52
Q

adrenergic neurons release

A

norepinephrine

53
Q

what is a characteristic of adrenergic fibers

A

they are stimulated during the fight-or-flight response

54
Q

what is the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity called

A

autonomic tone

55
Q

does the fight or flight division describe the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

A

NO!!!

56
Q

info about the temp of the air around you would be sent to the brain by what

A

exteroceptors

57
Q

give an example of rapid adaptations

A

loss of ability to smell the baking cake after a few minutes

58
Q

muscle spindles and tendon organs are examples of

A

proprioceptors

59
Q

the degree of muscle stretch is detected by

A

muscle spindles

60
Q

proprioceptrors are located in the

A

muscles and tendons

61
Q

the part of the body represented by the largest area of the somatosensory cortex is the

A

lips

62
Q

the major control region for initiation of voluntary movements of the body is the

A

primary motor area

63
Q

the olfactory receptors are examples of

A

chemoreceptors

64
Q

is “pungent” a primary taste sensation

A

NO!!

65
Q

circumvallate papillae are located on the

A

posterior region of the tongue

66
Q

bipolar neurons associated w/sensory receptors are found in the

A

retina

67
Q

what is a physical characteristic of the vascular tunic of the eye

A

choroid

68
Q

when entering a dark room on a sunny day, it takes some time to be able to see because

A

it takes time for the retina to rebuild its rhodopsin

69
Q

the anterior cavity contains

A

the aqueous humor

70
Q

Which cranial nerve carries visual impuses to the brain

A

II

71
Q

as a result of an injury, a person cannot see at all with the left eye, but has no trouble seeing with the right eye. the injury has probably severed the

A

right optic nerve

72
Q

the blind spot is the area where

A

the optic nerve exits the eye

73
Q

in humans, both eyes focus on only one set of objects, this is called

A

binocular vision

74
Q

the fibrous tunic is composed of the

A

sclera and cornea

75
Q

the white of the eye, which gives shape to the eyeball, makes it more rigid, and protects its inner parts is the

A

sclera

76
Q

most of the refraction of light enterin the eye occurs at the

A

cornea

77
Q

during accomodation for near vision

A

the lens increases in curvature

78
Q

constriction of the pupil is brought about by contraction of the

A

circular muscle of the iris

79
Q

in daylight, rods contribute little to vision because

A

the rhodopsin is bleached as fast as it is regenerated

80
Q

what helps maintain proper air pressure in the middle ear

A

eustachian tube

81
Q

endolymph is found within the

A

cochlear duct

82
Q

nerve fibers that synapse with hair cells in the organ of Corti unite to form part of the ___ nerve

A

vestibulocochlear

83
Q

which of the following represents the correct pathway leading to the perception of sound

A

tympanic membrane, ossicles, perilymph, endolymph, hair cells

84
Q

what is associated w/equilibrium in the ear

A

otolithic membrane

85
Q

each crista in the semicircular ducts is covered by a gelatinous material called the

A

cupula

86
Q

sound waves are translated into nerve impulses in the

A

cochlea

87
Q

a reflex reaction to loud sounds prevents damage to the inner ear. this reaction is due to the contraction of

A

tensor tympani and stapedius muscles

88
Q

the oval window connects to the

A

stapes

89
Q

this is the frequencey of a sound vibration

A

pitch

90
Q

the neural receptors for the sense of hearing are located in the

A

inner ear

91
Q

high intensity sounds can cause deafness because they are most damaging to the

A

hair cells of the spiral organ of the Corti

92
Q

The point of greatest visual acuity is the

A

central fovea

A&P Lecture notecards (3 decks)

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