Final exam

Question 1

The innermost covering of the spinal cord is the

Answer 1

pia mater

Question 2

The spinal cord is held in place by the

Answer 2

filum terminale and denticulate ligaments

Question 3

The dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of

Answer 3

sensory neurons

Question 4

which of the following is true concerning the meninges

Answer 4

they cover brain and spinal cord

Question 5

what is a characteristic of meninges

Answer 5

they cover brain and spinal cord

Question 6

in a diagnostic spinal tap, lumbar puncture of an adult, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the

Answer 6

subarachnoid space

Question 7

the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are found in which region of the spinal cord

Answer 7

anterior horn

Question 8

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut what would be the result in the region supplied by that nerve

Answer 8

loss of movement

Question 9

what is a characteristic of spinal nerves

Answer 9

the posterior root contains sensory axons

Question 10

inferior to the lumbar enlargement, the spinal cord tapers to a conical portion called the

Answer 10

conus medullaris

Question 11

a bundle of fibers located within the CNS is a

Answer 11

tract

Question 12

if you inserted a needle between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebra, you would probably hit the

Answer 12

cauda equina

Question 13

Spinal nerves are not part of the

Answer 13

CNS

Question 14

The connective tissue sheath around a group of neuronal fibers (a fasicle) is called the

Answer 14

perineurium

Question 15

the cranial menginges

Answer 15

cover the brain

Question 16

the most superior part of the brain is the

Answer 16

cerebrum

Question 17

the blook brain barrier is created by tight junction seals around brain capillaries formed by the

Answer 17

astrocytes

Question 18

cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the

Answer 18

choroid plexuses

Question 19

the pyramids are located in the

Answer 19

medulla oblongata

Question 20

the cerebral aqueduct passes thru the

Answer 20

midbrain

Question 21

the principal motor fibers that decussate int he medulla originate in the

Answer 21

cerebral cortex

Question 22

the region in the brain stem responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep is the

Answer 22

reticular activating system

Question 23

what are 2 characteristics of the transverse fissure

Answer 23

it separates the cerbrum and cerebellum and contains the tentorium cerebelli

Question 24

the part of the brain that function to coordinate voluntary muscular movements and detect descrepancies when movements are not being carried out correctly is the

Answer 24

cerebellum

Question 25

the region of the brain that helps to control equilibrium is the

Answer 25

cerebellum

Question 26

the principle relay station for sensory impulses as they pass to the cerbral cortex is the

Answer 26

thalamus

Question 27

the hypothalamus is located in the

Answer 27

diencephalon

Question 28

the corpus callosum is a bridge of ___tracts connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Answer 28

commissural

Question 29

projection fibers connect

Answer 29

the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS

Question 30

if a patient is having difficulty seeing, you might expect problems with the

Answer 30

occipital cortex

Question 31

the primary motor area of the brain is in the

Answer 31

frontal cortex

Question 32

if Broca's area of the cerebrum is damaged, the result is loss of

Answer 32

speech

Question 33

the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the___lobe

Answer 33

parietal

Question 34

a region located on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe receives impulses relating to

Answer 34

smell

Question 35

the primary auditory area is located in the

Answer 35

termporal lobe

Question 36

which electroencephalogram brain waves indicate emotional stress

Answer 36

theta waves

Question 37

which of the following indicates the correct order in which cranial nerves originate from the base of the brain

Answer 37

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigemenal

Question 38

loss of the sense of smell could result from injury to which cranial nerve

Answer 38

I

Question 39

the oculomotor nerve originates in the

Answer 39

midbrain

Question 40

which neural path consists of two motor neurons

Answer 40

autonomic

Question 41

sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse in

Answer 41

sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglia

Question 42

80% of the total craniosacral outflow is carried by

Answer 42

vagus nerve

Question 43

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in

Answer 43

terminal ganglia

Question 44

what is a distinguishing characteristic concerning the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 44

most presynaptic fibers are very short

Question 45

all postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the ____ganglion go to structures in the head

Answer 45

superior cervical

Question 46

nerve fibers of the sympathetic division originate in the

Answer 46

thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord

Question 47

the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the

Answer 47

spinal cord

Question 48

preganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion are associated w/cranial nerves

Answer 48

III

Question 49

the white rami contain

Answer 49

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 50

_____are long; _____are short

Answer 50

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic postganglionic fibers

Question 51

what drug is a non-specific beta blocker that reduces heart rate and force of contraction

Answer 51

propranolol

Question 52

adrenergic neurons release

Answer 52

norepinephrine

Question 53

what is a characteristic of adrenergic fibers

Answer 53

they are stimulated during the fight-or-flight response

Question 54

what is the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity called

Answer 54

autonomic tone

Question 55

does the fight or flight division describe the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 55

NO!!!

Question 56

info about the temp of the air around you would be sent to the brain by what

Answer 56

exteroceptors

Question 57

give an example of rapid adaptations

Answer 57

loss of ability to smell the baking cake after a few minutes

Question 58

muscle spindles and tendon organs are examples of

Answer 58

proprioceptors

Question 59

the degree of muscle stretch is detected by

Answer 59

muscle spindles

Question 60

proprioceptrors are located in the

Answer 60

muscles and tendons

Question 61

the part of the body represented by the largest area of the somatosensory cortex is the

Answer 61

lips

Question 62

the major control region for initiation of voluntary movements of the body is the

Answer 62

primary motor area

Question 63

the olfactory receptors are examples of

Answer 63

chemoreceptors

Question 64

is "pungent" a primary taste sensation

Answer 64

NO!!

Question 65

circumvallate papillae are located on the

Answer 65

posterior region of the tongue

Question 66

bipolar neurons associated w/sensory receptors are found in the

Answer 66

retina

Question 67

what is a physical characteristic of the vascular tunic of the eye

Answer 67

choroid

Question 68

when entering a dark room on a sunny day, it takes some time to be able to see because

Answer 68

it takes time for the retina to rebuild its rhodopsin

Question 69

the anterior cavity contains

Answer 69

the aqueous humor

Question 70

Which cranial nerve carries visual impuses to the brain

Answer 70

II

Question 71

as a result of an injury, a person cannot see at all with the left eye, but has no trouble seeing with the right eye. the injury has probably severed the

Answer 71

right optic nerve

Question 72

the blind spot is the area where

Answer 72

the optic nerve exits the eye

Question 73

in humans, both eyes focus on only one set of objects, this is called

Answer 73

binocular vision

Question 74

the fibrous tunic is composed of the

Answer 74

sclera and cornea

Question 75

the white of the eye, which gives shape to the eyeball, makes it more rigid, and protects its inner parts is the

Answer 75

sclera

Question 76

most of the refraction of light enterin the eye occurs at the

Answer 76

cornea

Question 77

during accomodation for near vision

Answer 77

the lens increases in curvature

Question 78

constriction of the pupil is brought about by contraction of the

Answer 78

circular muscle of the iris

Question 79

in daylight, rods contribute little to vision because

Answer 79

the rhodopsin is bleached as fast as it is regenerated

Question 80

what helps maintain proper air pressure in the middle ear

Answer 80

eustachian tube

Question 81

endolymph is found within the

Answer 81

cochlear duct

Question 82

nerve fibers that synapse with hair cells in the organ of Corti unite to form part of the ___ nerve

Answer 82

vestibulocochlear

Question 83

which of the following represents the correct pathway leading to the perception of sound

Answer 83

tympanic membrane, ossicles, perilymph, endolymph, hair cells

Question 84

what is associated w/equilibrium in the ear

Answer 84

otolithic membrane

Question 85

each crista in the semicircular ducts is covered by a gelatinous material called the

Answer 85

cupula

Question 86

sound waves are translated into nerve impulses in the

Answer 86

cochlea

Question 87

a reflex reaction to loud sounds prevents damage to the inner ear. this reaction is due to the contraction of

Answer 87

tensor tympani and stapedius muscles

Question 88

the oval window connects to the

Answer 88

stapes

Question 89

this is the frequencey of a sound vibration

Answer 89

pitch

Question 90

the neural receptors for the sense of hearing are located in the

Answer 90

inner ear

Question 91

high intensity sounds can cause deafness because they are most damaging to the

Answer 91

hair cells of the spiral organ of the Corti

Question 92

The point of greatest visual acuity is the

Answer 92

central fovea