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Histology 2ndYR 1stSem Midterms > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Nerves are derived from where?

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

Outermost layer of a developing embryo

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

Innermost layer of a developing embryo

A

Endoderm

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4
Q

Layer in a developing embryo that influences the development of the other organs

A

Notochord

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5
Q

Secretes chemicals that signals inward folding of ectoderm

A

Notochord

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6
Q

Two main types of Nervous System

A

Central & Peripheral

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7
Q

Composition of CNS

A

Brain & Spinal cord

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8
Q

Two types of PNS

A

Somatic & Autonomic

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9
Q

PNS that regulates actions of the skeletal muscles

A

Somatic NS

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10
Q

Type of PNS that controls involuntary muscles

A

Autonomic NS

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11
Q

Three types of ANS

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, & Enteric

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12
Q

Fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic

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13
Q

Rest & digest response

A

Parasympathetic

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14
Q

3 parts of a Neuron

A

Cell body, Dendrites, Axons

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15
Q

Angular cell body is found in?

A

CNS

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16
Q

Circular cell body is found in?

A

PNS

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17
Q

Group of polygonal cell bodies within CNS

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

Group of rounded cell bodies found within PNS

A

Ganglia

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19
Q

Where nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another neuron, or to the organ its controlling

A

Synapses

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20
Q

Resting membrane potential in post-synoptic cell

A

-65 to -70mv

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21
Q

Electrical change within a neuron from negative charge to positive charge

A

Depolarization

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22
Q

Membrane potential during Depolarization

A

30mv

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23
Q

Electrical charge within a neuron from positive charge to negative charge

A

Repolarization

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24
Q

Releases 3 sodium ions to the ECF

A

Sodium Potassium Pump

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25
Q

Opens up chloride channels

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

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26
Q

Carries impulses towards cell bodies

A

Dendrites

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27
Q

Axons are composed of

A

Microtubules

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28
Q

Area of cell body that lacks Nissl bodies, mitochondria, & other organelles

The landmark that differs axons from dendrites

A

Axon hillock

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29
Q

Movement of substances from the soma to synaptic terminals

A

Anterograde Transport

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30
Q

Anterograde Transport is mediated by what protein

A

Kinesin Protein

31
Q

Transport macromolecules endocytosed from the periphery of the nerves to the cell body

A

Retrograde Transport

32
Q

Retrograde Transport is mediated by what protein

A

Dynein

33
Q

Nerve transmission that transmit impulses from peripheral organs to CNS

A

Afferent/Sensory Division

34
Q

Afferent division enters the Spinal cord through?

A

Posterior Horns of GM

35
Q

Nerve Transmission that transmits impulses from the CNS out to the peripheral organs to cause an effect or action

A

Efferent/Motor Division

36
Q

Efferent Division exits the spinal cord through?

A

Anterior horns of GM

37
Q

Most common neural morphology

A

Multipolar

38
Q

Involuntary & Nearly instantaneous movement in response to stimuli

A

Reflex

39
Q

Specialized sensory neuron

A

Bipolar neurons

40
Q

How many neuroglia is present in the CNS

A

4

41
Q

How many neuroglia is present in the PNS

A

2

42
Q

Most numerous neuroglia in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

43
Q

Neuroglia that maintains blood brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

44
Q

2 types of astrocytes

A

Fibrous & Protoplasmic

45
Q

Type of astrocytes in White matter

A

Fibrous

46
Q

Type of astrocytes in Gray matter

A

Protoplasmic

47
Q

Synthesizes myeline sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes

48
Q

Smallest neuroglia and are the phagocytic cells of the mononuclear-phagocytic system

A

Microglial cells

49
Q

Neuroglia that produces cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

50
Q

What are the 4 Neuroglia of the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglial cells
  4. Ependymal cells
51
Q

What are the 2 Neuroglia of the PNS

A
  1. Satellite cells
  2. Schwan cells
52
Q

Neuroglia that forms a continuous capsule around nerve cell bodies in the ganglion

A

Satellite cells

53
Q

Schwann cells are a.k.a?

A

Neurolemmocyte

54
Q

What do schwan cells form?

A

Sheath of schwan / neurilemma

55
Q

Where CNS structures are derived from

A

Neural Tube

56
Q

Where PNS structures are derived from

A

Neural Crest

57
Q

Matter where the actual processing is done

A

Gray

58
Q

Matter that provides communication between gray matter areas and between the gray matter and rest of the body

A

White

59
Q

Locate GM and WM in Spinal cord

A

WM - Periphery
GM - Center

60
Q

Central canal of the spinal cord is lined with?

A

Ependymal cells

61
Q

Matter that has abundant astrocytes and large neuronal bodies

A

Gray

62
Q

Matter than contains Oligodendrocytes & tracts of myelinated axons

A

White

63
Q

Locate the WM and GM in the Brain

A

GM - periphery of Cerebrum and Cerebellum
WM - center

64
Q

Outermost meninge of the brain

A

Dura Mater

65
Q

Meninge of the brain that has spongy web like structures

A

Arachnoid Mater

66
Q

Where CSF flows in the arachnoid membrane

A

Subarachnoid space

67
Q

Innermost meninge of the brain

A

Pia mater

68
Q

Dura Mater is latin for

A

Tough mother

69
Q

Pia mater is latin for

A

Tender mother

70
Q

Colorless fluid which cushions the CNS by protecting soft tissue from jolts & blows

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

71
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by?

A

Choroid plexuses made up of ependymal cells

72
Q

Small protrusions of the arachnoid mater

A

Arachnoid villi

73
Q

Serves as the drainage site for CSF to maintain pressure within cranial cavity

A

Arachnoid villi

Histology 2ndYR 1stSem Midterms (5 decks)

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