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A & P 1 > Nervous tissue 12-1 > Flashcards

Nervous tissue 12-1 Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system

A

provides fast, brief responses to stimuli

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2
Q

endocrine system

A

adjusts metabolic operations and directs long-term changes

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3
Q

What is included in the nervous system?

A
  • all neuron tissue of the body
  • neuron (nerve cell)
  • neuroglia (supporting cells)
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4
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A
  • brain and spinal cord
  • integration center
  • initiates motor output
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5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A
  • Afferent division

- Efferent division

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6
Q

afferent division

A

brings sensory info from receptors

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7
Q

efferent division

A

carries motor commands to effectors

-includes somatic, autonomic, and sympathetic, parasympathetic nervous systems, and enteric plexuses

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

collection of neuron cell bodies located in CNS

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9
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of neuron cell bodies located in PNS

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10
Q

Tract

A

bundle of axons in CNS going to the same location

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11
Q

Nerve

A

bundle of axons in PNS going to the same location

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12
Q

Center

A

functional region of CNS

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13
Q

Somatic nervous system

A
  • controls nervous system
  • voluntary responses
  • involuntary responses
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14
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

-controls visceral functions (smooth muscle, cardiact muscle, glands)

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15
Q

Neuron structure

A
  • soma (cell body)
  • large nucleus and prominent nucleoli
  • perikaryon
  • neurofilaments, neurotubules
  • lacks centrioles
  • numerous rough ER and mitochondria
  • nissl bodies
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16
Q

soma

A

cell body

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17
Q

perikaryon

A

cytoplasmic area of cell body

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18
Q

nissl bodies

A

dense clusters of rough ER

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19
Q

dendrites

A

branching structures that receive input from other neurons; contain receptors

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20
Q

axon

A

long single extension of the cell body (nerve fiber)

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21
Q

axon hillock

A

where the axon meets the soma

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22
Q

telodendria

A

branches of the axon

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23
Q

synaptic knobs

A

terminals, buttons or boutons

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24
Q

True or False: Neurotransmitters are made in the nerve terminal

A

FALSE: neurotransmitters are made in the cell body

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25
anterograde (orthograde) transport
neurotransmitters that are transported along neurotubules to the nerve terminal
26
retrograde transport
old organelles, waste products of transmission that travel back to the soma
27
kinesins
antegrade
28
dynein
retrograde
29
fast anterograde transport
moves mitochondria
30
fast retrograde transport
returns used synaptic vessels
31
slow anterograde transport
moves enzymes and cytoskeletal components down axon
32
sensory neurons (afferent neurons)
deliver information from exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors
33
motor neurons (effeent neurons)
form the efferent division of the PNS
34
interneurons (association neurons)
located almost entirely within CNS | -distribute sensory input and coordination output
35
multi-polar neuron
most common type -have multiple dendrites at one end and single axon (motor neurons, interneurons)
36
bipolar neuron
have two poles - dendritic pole and axonic pole - (special senses)
37
unipolar neuron
dendrites and axons connect directly (sensory neurons)
38
anaxonic neuron
no axon -rare small neurons in brain and special sense organs
39
What are the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS?
- ependymal cells - astrocytes - microglia - oligodendrocytes
40
ependymal cells
cuboidal epithelial cells - line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain - produce CSF
41
astrocytes
- largest and most numerous - maintain blood brain barrier - control interstitial environment - maintain 3-D framework of CNS - repair and maintain CNS neurons
42
microglia
phagocytic cells
43
oligodendrocytes
- myelin - nodes of Ranvier - internodes - white and gray matter
44
what are the 3 types of neuroglia of the PNS?
- ganglia - satellite cells - schwann cells
45
ganglia
clusters of nerve cell bodies in PNS
46
satellite cells
surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia
47
schwann cells
ensheath axons in PNS
48
electrochemical gradient
sum of all chemical and electrical forces acting across the cell membrane
49
How many millivolts does the sodium-potassium exchange pump at resting potential?
-70 mV
50
What is the amount of sodium inside and outside cell?
outside-140 | inside- 10-20
51
what is the amount of potassium inside and outside cell?
outside-4.5 | inside-90-120
52
what is the main anion inside the cell?
protein
53
True or false: The concentration of chloride inside the cell is higher than the concentration outside the cell
False: the concentration is higher outside the cell
54
what mechanisms maintain concentration gradients?
- proteins inside cells are anions - ions can't freely diffuse across lipid membrane - various transport or carrier proteins allow their movement inside and outside cell - leak channels
55
Sodium-potassium ATPase
active transport | moves 3 sodium in exchange for bringing 2 potassium into cell
56
what is the main determinant of the resting membrane potential?
the potassium concentration gradient
57
passive (leak) channels
always open but may change their permeability based on local conditions or outside regulators (hormones)
58
active (gated) channels
open and close in response to stimuli
59
chemically regulated channels
open or close in response to chemical activation
60
voltage-regulated channels
open or close in response to a change in the membrane potential
61
mechanically regulated channels
open or close in response to mechanical changes in cell membrane
62
resting membrane potential of neuron
-70 mV
63
resting membrane potential of skeletal muscke
-90 mV

A & P 1 (4 decks)

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