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A & P 1 > 11-1 Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

11-1 Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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2
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

A

Movement-respiration
Stability- maintain posture and body position
Support and protects soft tissues
Control entrances and exits
Maintain body temperature (generates heat)
40% Work 60% heat

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3
Q

What are the properties of muscle?

A
  • Contractility- muscle shortens with FORCE
  • Excitability- capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus
  • Extensibility- muscle can be stretched to normal resting length and beyond to a limited degree
  • Elasticity-recoil to original resting length after stretched
  • Conductivity- excitation wave travels a distance away from where muscle fiber was stimulated. Does not just cause a local effect.
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4
Q

Endomysium

A

A sheath that Covers muscle fiber (myofiber)

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5
Q

Fascicles

A

a bundled group of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium

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6
Q

Epimysium

A

Surrounds entire muscle group of fascicles

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7
Q

True or False: The perimysium and epimysium contain blood vessels and nerves

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Tendons (aponeuroses)

A

attach muscle to bone or muscle

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of muscle fibers?

A
  • Derived from stem cells called myoblasts during development
  • maintained by satellite cells for repair
  • large
  • multi-nucleated
  • striated
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10
Q

Sarcolemma

A

muscle cell membrane

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11
Q

sarcoplasm

A

muscle cell cytoplasm

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12
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A
  • modified endoplasmic reticulum

- stores and releases calcium

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13
Q

Transverse tubules (T-tubules)

A

infoldings in the muscle membrane

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14
Q

What are myofibrils?

A
  • BUNDLES of thick and thin filaments

- muscle contraction

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15
Q

sarcomeres

A

regular arrangement of myofibrils

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16
Q

Myofibril

A
  • thick filaments-made of myosin
  • thin filaments-made of actin
  • organized whee there is partial overlap between two bands
17
Q

A-bands

A

dark bands of thick filaments

18
Q

Overlap zone

A

contains thick and thin filaments

19
Q

H-zone

A

contains thick filaments only

20
Q

M-line

A

dark band in center where myosin bands connect

21
Q

I-bands

A

light bands that contain thin filaments only

22
Q

Z-line

A

where sarcomers connect

23
Q

What are thick filaments made out of?

A
  • mostly made of myosin

- titan protein holds it in place

24
Q

What proteins make up thin filaments?

A
  • F actin- main protein is ACTIN
  • tropomyosin-twists around actin and covers active sites that bind with mysosin
  • troponin-binds to actin and holds tropomyosin in place by binding to tropomyosin and actin; controlled by calcium
  • nebulin and dystrophin-binding molecules
25
Q

What is the structure of myosin bundles?

A
  • myosin molecules have long tail and globular head
  • heads form cross-bridges with actin during contraction
  • interactions between G-actin and myosin are prevented by tropomyosin during rest
26
Q

What are the steps of the sliding filament theory?

A
  1. Calcium is released from the SR
  2. Calcium binds to troponin
  3. Troponin changes shape, moving tropomyosin and exposing actin active site
  4. Myosin head forms cross-bridge and bends toward M-line
  5. ATP allows release of cross-bridge
27
Q

What are the steps of the contraction cycle?

A
  1. resting sarcomere-myosin attached to ADP and Phospate; high energy state
  2. SR releases calcium; calcium binds to troponin; active site exposed
  3. Myosin forms cross-bridge, changes its shape,
  4. ADP, Phosphate and energy are released bending head of myosin towards M line
  5. ATP binds to myosin, which releases actin; detaches cross-bridge
  6. myosin reactivation
28
Q

True or False: Muscle fibers shorten and pull but cannot push (lengthen)?

A

TRUE

29
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction?

A

where a neuron meets a muscle

30
Q

What are the steps in excitation of a muscle?

A
  1. Arrival of nerve signal
  2. 2(ACh) are released
  3. ACh binds to receptors
  4. Opening of ligand-regulated ion gate; creation of end-plate potential
  5. Opening of voltage-regulated ion gates; creation of action potential
31
Q

What are the steps in excitation contraction coupling?

A
  1. Action potentials move down t-tubules
  2. Calcium released from terminal cistern
  3. Calcium binds to troponin
  4. Tropomyosin shifts, exposing active sites on actin
32
Q

What are the steps in Relaxation?

A
  1. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) breaks down ACh
  2. SR reabsorbs calcium ions
  3. Loss of calcium ions from troponin
  4. Tropomyosin rotates back over active site of actin
  5. Elastic fibers pull muscle back to original position

A & P 1 (4 decks)

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