nervous test Flashcards
what are the 3 parts of neurons?
cell body
dendrites
axon
what are neurons?
Basic element of nervous system
How many nerve cells are in the human body?
100 Billion
nervous system function
directs the functions of all human body systems, carry messages from the brain to the rest of the body
What are the 3 types of neurons?
Efferent (motor)
Afferent (sensory)
Interneurons
Neuron bundles =…
nerves
what do Neuroglias do?
Support, connect, protect, and remove debris
Form blood-brain barrier
Neuroglias consists of…
brain
spinal cord
Center of Control
CNS Functions (central nervous system)
receives and interprets all stimuli
sends nerve impulses
causes voluntary and involuntary actions
4 Brain divisions…
brainstem
cerebellum
cerebrum
diencephalon
Brainstem parts
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
What does the midbrain control?
visual reflexes
What does the pons control?
certain respiratory functions
What does the medulla oblongata control?
regulates heart and lung functions swallowing vomiting coughing sneezing
cerebellum does what?
coordinates musculoskeletal movement
Cerebrum has…
2 hemispheres
cerebral cortex
four lobes
what is the diencephalon?
the deep portion of the brain
diencephalon contains…
thalamus
hypothalamus
diencephalon controls…
heart rate blood pressure temperature regulation water and electrolyte balance digestive functions glandular activates
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does what?
fills area between brain and cranium
cradles and cushions the brain
Spinal cord is protected by…
cerebrospinal fluid
vertebral column
meninges
Meninges layers
Dura Mater (outer layer) Arachnoid Mater (middle layer) Pia Mater (innermost layer)
Cords have…
12 cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Peripheral Nervous Systems 2 subsystems..
Somatic Nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic nervous system..
receive and process sensory input from skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose, and ears
Autonomic Nervous system..
carry impulses from the central nervous system to glands, various involuntary muscles, cardiac muscle, and membrane
(Autonomic Nervous System) sympathetic…
- Operates when the body is under stress
- Activates responses necessary to react in dangerous or abnormal situations
- fight or flight response
(autonomic nervous system) Parasympathetic…
Operates to keep the body in homeostasis under normal conditions
concussion
injury to the brain caused by an impact with an object
Spina Bifida
a defect in the spinal cord in which the cord and/or its covering protrude outside the vertebrae
hydrocephalus
an over production of CSF in the brain
Cerebral Palsy
cerebral damage during birth or gestation
Alzheimer’s disease
progressive degenerative of neurons in brain
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lou Gehrig’s disease, ALS
degenerative disease of the motor neurons
multiple sclerosis
destruction of the myelin sheath
myasthenia gravis
overproduction of antibodies keep neurotransmitter from sending proper nerve impulse
Parkinson’s disease
degenerative of nerves in the brain
epilepsy
abnormal conditions in the brain cause sudden excessive electrical activity
Tourette syndrome
neurological dysfunction
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain from a viral infection
hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of the body
usually due to stroke
Paraplegia
paralysis from the waist down caused by accident/injury
Quadriplegia
paralysis from the neck down
BOM
bilateral otits media
EENT
eye ear nose throat
Ent
ear nose throat
Exam
examination
I&D
incision and dranage
OD
overdose
ophth
ophthalmic
OS
left eye
OM
right eye
o.u
each eye
PERPLA
pupils equal round, react to light and accommodation
Po
by mouth
REM
rapid eye movement
