NERVOUS SYTEM

Question 1

> The major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body
Together with Endocrine system responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Answer 1

Nervous System

Question 2

Anything that evokes a persons reaction

Answer 2

Stimulus

Question 3

Every stimuli requires the body to ____

Answer 3

respond

Question 4

the body’s ability to maintain constant
internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological
process

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

3 Main components of Homeostasis

Answer 5

Receptor-Control Center-Effector

Question 6

Main unit of the nervous system

Answer 6

Neurons

Question 7

The cells in the
brain and nervous
system that transmit
electrical and chemical
signals to other neurons,
muscles, and tissues
throughout the body.

Answer 7

Neurons

Question 8

Three main parts of Neurons

Answer 8

Dendrites-Axon-Cell Body

Question 9

The “arms” of the neuron, which are
branch extensions that come out of different
parts of the neuron.

Answer 9

Dendrites

Question 10

Center of the Neuron

Answer 10

Cell body

Question 11

An elongated fiber that extends from the
cell body to the terminal endings and transmits
the neural signal

Answer 11

Axon

Question 12

3 classes of Neurons

Answer 12

Sensory, Motor, Interneurons

Question 13

Gets information about what’s going inside and outside the body, and processes that information to the CNS
> INFO FROM OUTSIDE AND INSIDE TO CNS

Answer 13

Sensory Neurons

Question 14

Gets information from other neurons and conveys commands to Glands, muscles, and organs

Answer 14

Motor Neurons

Question 15

> Only found in the CNS
They receive information from other neurons
(either sensory neurons or interneurons) and
transmit information to other neurons (either
motor neurons or interneurons

Answer 15

Interneurons

Question 16

Synapses

Answer 16

Neuron-to-neuron connections are
made onto the dendrites and cell
bodies of other neurons

Question 17

The first neuron in a synapse

Answer 17

presynaptic neuron

Question 18

The target neuron in a synapse

Answer 18

Postsynaptic Neuron

Question 19

Two types of Synapses

Answer 19

Electrical Synapses - Chemical Synapse

Question 20

Electrical Synapse

Answer 20

A
direct electrical
connection is made
between neurons.

Question 21

Chemical Synapse

Answer 21

Ions
flow between cells.

Question 22

3 Steps in a synapse

Answer 22

1.Axon splits into multiple branches upon
approaching a synapse.
2. These branches terminate into synaptic
knob that is connected to either main parts
of the neuron.
3. Hormonal secretion enable the propagation
of nerve impulses from the synapse.

Question 23

Neurotransmitters

Answer 23

> chemical
messengers that neurons release
to affect other cells across a
synapse.

Question 24

Serotonin

Answer 24

A neurotransmitter that : Regulates mood, anxiety, happiness, appetite, sleep,
memory, and learning

Question 25

Acetylcholine

Answer 25

Helps translate intentions to move into actual actions by passing signals from neurons into muscle fibers.

Question 26

Dopamine

Answer 26

Helps nerve cells send messages to each other

Question 27

Norepinephrine

Answer 27

Involved in arousal, alertness, memory, and attention, and triggers the "fight-or-flight" response.

Question 28

Endorphins

Answer 28

Stimulates neurons involved in reducing pain.

Question 29

Reflex action

Answer 29

an automatic, involuntary, and rapid response to a stimulus that helps protect the body from harm.

Question 30

Reflex Arcs

Answer 30

neural pathways in the nervous system in which reflex actions occur

Question 31

These two coordinate to produce reflex actions

Answer 31

Spinal cord and peripheral nervous system

Question 32

2 division of the Nervous system

Answer 32

Central Nervous System - Peripheral Nervous system

Question 33

2 division of the Peripheral Nervous system

Answer 33

Somatic - Autonomic

Question 34

2 division of the autonomic

Answer 34

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 35

Central Nervous System

Answer 35

> is made up of the brain and spinal cord > body's main control center

Question 36

Brain

Answer 36

a complex organ that controls most of the body's activities, including thought and behavior.

Question 37

Spinal Cord

Answer 37

The spinal cord is a tube-like structure that carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 38

3 main parts of the brain

Answer 38

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

Question 39

Membranes

Answer 39

three thin layers of protective tissue that covers the spinal cord

Question 40

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 40

a network of nerves that runs throughout the head, neck, and body. It carries messages to and from the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord).

Question 41

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 41

Controls voluntary muscle movement and includes sensory and motor neurons that send and receive information.

Question 42

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 42

Regulates involuntary body functions, such as those of the heart, lungs, and intestines

Question 43

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 43

Prepares the body for physical and mental activity, such as in times of danger or stress. * This system activates the body's "fight-or-flight" response, increasing heart rate, opening airways, and inhibiting digestion. * The SNS releases the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine to accelerate the heart rate.

Question 44

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

Answer 44

the hormones that SNS releases in order to accelerate the heart rate

Question 45

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 45

-Responsible for bodily functions when the body is at rest, such as digestion, relaxation, and metabolic processes. *This system activates the body's "rest-and-digest" response. *The PNS releases the hormone acetylcholine to slow the heart rate

Question 46

acetylcholine

Answer 46

The hormone that PNS releases in order to slow the heart rate