Endocrine System Flashcards
a complex
network of glands and organs.
Endocrine System
What does the endocrine system use in order to to control and
coordinate your body’s metabolism,
energy level, reproduction, growth and
development, and response to injury,
stress, and mood?
hormones
The place where hormones are sent
Target
Components of the Endocrine System
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland
- Pineal Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal Glands
- Gonads
- Pancreas
*Regulates the pituitary gland and
connects the nervous and
endocrine systems.
*Controls body temperature, hunger,
and thirst
Hypothalamus
- Produces hormones that regulate other
endocrine glands (e.g., thyroid, adrenal
glands). - Releases growth hormone, prolactin, and
oxytocin
Pituitary Gland
Also known as the master gland
Pituitary Gland
*Located in the neck, around the
trachea
Thyroid Gland
*Produces hormones like
thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3), which
regulate metabolism, energy
levels, and growth.
Thyroid GLand
what hormones do thyroid gland produce?
Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine
Four small glands behind the
thyroid.
* Regulate calcium levels in the
blood and bones via parathyroid
hormone (PTH).
Parathyroid Glands
Sit atop the kidneys.
* Produce hormones like cortisol
(stress response), adrenaline
(fight or flight), and
aldosterone (regulates blood
pressure)
Adrenal Glands
what hormones do adrenal glands release in order to regulate blood pressure
Aldosterone
What is the stress response hormone?
Cortisol
A gland that is located behind the stomach
Pancreas
Functions as both an endocrine
(insulin and glucagon) and
exocrine gland (digestive
enzymes).
*Regulates blood sugar levels.
Pancreas
- During digestion, your pancreas makes pancreatic juices called _______. These _______ break down sugars, fats, and starches.
Enzymes
2 Pancreatic Hormones
Insulin and Glucagon
The Insulin hormone is made in cells of the pancreas known as ____
beta cells
This hormone is made in cells of the pancreas known as
beta cells. Beta cells make up about 75% of pancreatic hormone
cells. Insulin is the hormone that helps your body use sugar for
energy. Without enough insulin, your sugar levels rise in your
blood and you develop diabetes.
Insulin
Alpha cells make up about 20% of the cells in your
pancreas that produce hormones. They produce ____. If your
blood sugar gets too low, it helps raise it by sending a
message to your liver to release stored sugar.
Glucagon
Produces melatonin, which influences
sleep-wake cycles.
Pineal Gland
2 Gonads
Ovaries and Testes
What do ovaries produce
Estrogen and Progesterone
What do testes produce
Testosterone
Important during childhood for developing the
immune system through T-cell maturation
Thymus
a biological process
in which a system responds to a change by
counteracting it, helping maintain stability or
homeostasis
Negative Feedback Mechanism
