DNA AND RNA Flashcards
a molecule that carries the genetic
instructions used in the growth,
development, functioning, and
reproduction of all living organisms
DNA
DNA is Made up of building
blocks called
Nucleotides
3 subunit molecules of Nucleotides
5 carbon sugar, Nitrogenous base, phosphate group
two scientists who found the DNA structure
Francis Crick and James Watson
when was the helix structure found?
1953
a molecule
that plays a central role in the
biological processes of cells,
particularly in protein synthesis and
gene expression.
RNA
3 types of RNA
- Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- Transfer RNA (tRNA)
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
carries genetic information from DNA in
the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm,
where proteins are synthesized.
mRNA
helps decode the mRNA by carrying amino
acids to the ribosome during translation.
tRNA
a major component of
ribosomes, the cellular machinery that
assembles proteins
helps catalyze the formation of
peptide bonds between amino acids
during protein synthesis.
tRNA
other RNA types
micro RNA and small interfering RNA
explains how genetic information flows
within a cell.
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA to RNA
Transcription
RNA to PROTEIN
Translation
a fundamental process that occurs during the
synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle.
DNA replication
unzips the DNA
Helicase
This happens in the cell’s nucleus
Transcription
The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic
information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA is made by
copying DNA, and the information it carries tells the cell how to link
amino acids together to form proteins
Translation
3 diff of RNA and DNA
- Chemical Stability
- Energy Efficiency
- Error Detection
A mutation is a change or alteration in the DNA
sequence of an organism.
Mutation
Causes of Mutation
Radiation , Chemicals, Infectious Agents
