Nervous Systems Flashcards
What is the central nervous system?
Brain & spinal cord.
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Sensory part of nervous system involved with detecting stimuli.
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Increases activity.
What does the parasympathetic system do?
Calms activity down.
What does the post-ganglionic nerve of the parasympathetic pathway secrete?
Acetylcholine.
What does the post-ganglionic nerve of the sympathetic pathway secrete?
Norepinephrine.
What does the pre-ganglionic nerve of the sympathetic pathway secrete?
Acetylcholine.
What does the pre-ganglionic nerve of the parasympathetic pathway secrete?
Acetylcholine.
Where does the pre-ganglionic nerve of the sympathetic pathway reside?
Spinal cord (thoracic and lumbar).
Where does the pre-ganglionic nerve of the parasympathetic pathway reside?
Brain and lower spinal cord.
What is the post-ganglionic nerve of the sympathetic pathway?
Adrenergic fibres.
What is the post-ganglionic nerve of the parasympathetic pathway?
Cholinergic fibres.
What two structures make up the adrenal glands?
Adrenal medulla & Adrenal Cortex.
What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Epinephrine & norepinephrine.
What does the adrenal cortex secrete?
Mineralcorticoids & glucocorticoids.
What is the role of glial cells?
Protect and maintain the structure of the brain.
Which group of animals are known for their particularly higher brain-body weight ratio?
Birds.
What fluid is the brain immersed in?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What are the basic structure components of the brain?
Forebrain, midbrain & hindbrain.
What is the function of the forebrain?
Receives & integrates sensory information.
What is the function of the mid-brain?
Coordinates reflex responses to sight and sounds.
What is the function of the hindbrain?
Reflex control of respiration, blood circulation and other tasks.
What route do afferent signals take?
Up dorsal root of spine.
What route do effect signals take?
Transmitted down ventral root of spine.
What does Broca’s area do?
Speech formation.
What does Wernicke’s area do?
Speech understanding.
What does the limbic association cortex do?
Motivation, emotion & memory.
What does the premotor cortex do?
Co-ordination of complex movements.
What does the supplementary motor area do?
Programming of complex movements.
What does the primary motor cortex do?
Voluntary movement.
What does the somatosensory cortex do?
Sensation and proprioception.
What does the posterior parietal cortex do?
Integration of somatosensory and visual input; important for complex movements.
What does the parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex do?
Integration of all sensory input; important in language.
What does the primary visual cortex do?
Sight.
