NERVOUS SYSTEM_PPT 1 (LEC)

Question 1

5 Functions of the Nervous System

Answer 1

Sensory Input
Integration
Control of Muscles and glands
Homeostasis
Center for Mental Activities

Question 2

Two anatomical divisions

Answer 2

CNS
PNS

Question 3

Consist of spinal cord and brain

Answer 3

Central Nervous System

Question 4

Consist of sensory receptors and nerves

Answer 4

Peripheral nervous system

Question 5

It detects stimuli and transmits information to the CNS

Answer 5

PNS

Question 6

It processes, integrates, stores and responds to information from the PNS

Answer 6

CNS

Question 7

2 major divisions of motor division

Answer 7

Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System

Question 8

Innervates skeletal muscle

Answer 8

Somatic Nervous System

Question 9

Innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

Answer 9

Autonomic nervous system

Question 10

Fight/ or flight division
most active during physical activity

Answer 10

Sympathetic division

Question 11

Parasympathetic division

Answer 11

resting functions

Question 12

controls the digestive system

Answer 12

Enteric nervous system

Question 13

excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

Answer 13

neurons

Question 14

3 components of neuron

Answer 14

cell body (soma)
dendrites
axon

Question 15

what is the function of soma?

Answer 15

• primary site of protein synthesis
• Golgi, mitochondria and other organelles are present
• no centrioles / amitotic

Question 16

what is the function of dendrites?

Answer 16

conduct electric signals toward the cell body

Question 17

what is the function of axon?

Answer 17

transmit action potentials to other cells

Question 18

Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS is called _________

Answer 18

nuclei

Question 19

Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS is called _________

Answer 19

ganglia

Question 20

___________ is the part of the neuron where the axon originates

Answer 20

trigger zone

Question 21

JUNCTION between a nerve cell and another cell

Answer 21

synapse

Question 22

Enumerate and differentiate the 3 types of neurons

Answer 22

Multipolar neurons - have several dendrites and a single axon
Bipolar neurons - single axon and dendrite
unipolar neurons - single axon

Question 23

supporting cells that promote health and growth and provide a supportive scaffolding for neurons

Answer 23

glial cells

Question 24

what are the glial cells of the CNS

Answer 24

• astrocytes
• microglial
• ependymal cells
• oligodendrocytes

Question 25

glial cells of the pns

Answer 25

- satellite cells - schwann cells

Question 26

"star cell" "blood brain barrier"

Answer 26

astrocytes

Question 27

it helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 27

ependymal cells

Question 28

fights/ phagocytes bacteria

Answer 28

microglia

Question 29

form myelin sheaths in CNS

Answer 29

oligodendrocytes

Question 30

form myelin sheath in PNS

Answer 30

Schwann cells

Question 31

support and nourish neuron cells within ganglia

Answer 31

satellite cells

Question 32

what is the node of ranvier

Answer 32

these are the GAPS in the myelin sheath

Question 33

whitish and fatty that protects the axon, electrically insulate fibers and increases the speed of nerve impulse

Answer 33

myelin

Question 34

conduct action potentials slowly

Answer 34

unmyelinated axons

Question 35

myelinated axons: white matter unmyelinated axons: ???

Answer 35

gray matter

Question 36

electrical signals produced by cells are called ___________

Answer 36

action potentials

Question 37

Presynaptic cell: transmits signal towards a synapse Postsynaptic cell: ???????????

Answer 37

receives the signal

Question 38

two types of synapse

Answer 38

electrical synapse chemical synapse

Question 39

a space that SEPARATES the presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane

Answer 39

synaptic cleft

Question 40

a pathway that have MANY neurons synapsing with a FEW neurons (many to few)

Answer 40

convergent pathway

Question 41

a pathway that have FEW neurons synapsing with a MANY neurons (few to many)

Answer 41

divergent pathway

Question 42

have COLLATERAL BRANCHES of postsynaptic neurons synapsing with presynaptic neurons

Answer 42

oscillating circuits

Question 43

Bundles of processes in the CNS

Answer 43

Nerve tracts

Question 44

Bundles of processes in the PNS

Answer 44

Nerves