nervous system pt 3 Flashcards
What are chemoreceptors?
Receptors that detect chemicals, taste, and smell.
What do osmoreceptors monitor?
monitor body fluid balance (like thirst).
What are mechanoreceptors?
detect sound, touch, and pressure.
What do photoreceptors detect?
Light (like in the retina of the eye).
What is the sclera of the eye?
white outer layer of eye
cornea
clear part at front of the eye that lets light enter.
function of the choroid layer?
has blood vessels to strengthen the eye
What does the iris do?
Controls the size of the pupil to let in more or less light.
pupil
opening in the iris that adjusts in size based on light intensity.
lens of the eye?
flexible structure that changes shape to focus light on the retina.
What are rods in the retina?
Photoreceptors for low light and black-and-white vision.
What are cones in the retina?
Photoreceptors for bright light and color vision.
fovea centralis?
area in the retina with the sharpest vision, mostly cones.
optic nerve’s role?
visual info from retina to brain.
What is the blind spot?
area on the retina where the optic nerve exits; no photoreceptors are here.
What are the two main functions of the ear?
Hearing and balance
What are mechanoreceptors in the ear?
Tiny hairs in the inner ear that detect sound waves and movement for balance.
outer ear include?
The pinna and auditory canal, which collect and direct sound into the ear.
What is the tympanic membrane (eardrum)?
membrane that vibrates with sound and separates the outer ear from the middle ear.
What are the ossicles?
The three smallest bones in the body (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit sound from the eardrum to the inner ear.
function of the oval window?
connects the middle ear to the inner ear and helps transmit sound vibrations.
role of the Eustachian tube?
helps equalize pressure between the middle ear and the outside air.
cochlea
A spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear that detects sound.
organ of Corti?
part inside the cochlea that has hair cells (stereocilia) which convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses.
auditory nerve do
Carries sound information from the ear to the brain.
semicircular canals
Fluid-filled loops in the inner ear that help detect head movement and maintain balance.
What do the utricle and saccule do?
detect the position of the head and movement along a plane (horizontal or vertical) for balance.
dynamic equilibrium?
helps detect movement or rotation of the body, controlled by the semicircular canals.
static equilibrium?
helps detect the position of the head when still, controlled by the utricle and saccule.
