nervous system pt 3

Question 1

What are chemoreceptors?

Answer 1

Receptors that detect chemicals, taste, and smell.

Question 2

What do osmoreceptors monitor?

Answer 2

monitor body fluid balance (like thirst).

Question 3

What are mechanoreceptors?

Answer 3

detect sound, touch, and pressure.

Question 4

What do photoreceptors detect?

Answer 4

Light (like in the retina of the eye).

Question 5

What is the sclera of the eye?

Answer 5

white outer layer of eye

Question 6

cornea

Answer 6

clear part at front of the eye that lets light enter.

Question 7

function of the choroid layer?

Answer 7

has blood vessels to strengthen the eye

Question 8

What does the iris do?

Answer 8

Controls the size of the pupil to let in more or less light.

Question 9

pupil

Answer 9

opening in the iris that adjusts in size based on light intensity.

Question 10

lens of the eye?

Answer 10

flexible structure that changes shape to focus light on the retina.

Question 11

What are rods in the retina?

Answer 11

Photoreceptors for low light and black-and-white vision.

Question 12

What are cones in the retina?

Answer 12

Photoreceptors for bright light and color vision.

Question 13

fovea centralis?

Answer 13

area in the retina with the sharpest vision, mostly cones.

Question 14

optic nerve’s role?

Answer 14

visual info from retina to brain.

Question 15

What is the blind spot?

Answer 15

area on the retina where the optic nerve exits; no photoreceptors are here.

Question 16

What are the two main functions of the ear?

Answer 16

Hearing and balance

Question 17

What are mechanoreceptors in the ear?

Answer 17

Tiny hairs in the inner ear that detect sound waves and movement for balance.

Question 18

outer ear include?

Answer 18

The pinna and auditory canal, which collect and direct sound into the ear.

Question 19

What is the tympanic membrane (eardrum)?

Answer 19

membrane that vibrates with sound and separates the outer ear from the middle ear.

Question 20

What are the ossicles?

Answer 20

The three smallest bones in the body (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit sound from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Question 21

function of the oval window?

Answer 21

connects the middle ear to the inner ear and helps transmit sound vibrations.

Question 22

role of the Eustachian tube?

Answer 22

helps equalize pressure between the middle ear and the outside air.

Question 23

cochlea

Answer 23

A spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear that detects sound.

Question 24

organ of Corti?

Answer 24

part inside the cochlea that has hair cells (stereocilia) which convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses.

Question 25

auditory nerve do

Answer 25

Carries sound information from the ear to the brain.

Question 26

semicircular canals

Answer 26

Fluid-filled loops in the inner ear that help detect head movement and maintain balance.

Question 27

What do the utricle and saccule do?

Answer 27

detect the position of the head and movement along a plane (horizontal or vertical) for balance.

Question 28

dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 28

helps detect movement or rotation of the body, controlled by the semicircular canals.

Question 29

static equilibrium?

Answer 29

helps detect the position of the head when still, controlled by the utricle and saccule.