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bio 30 unit 2 > A2 > Flashcards

A2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

control system

A

senses change in environment & responds w appropriate internal changes to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

brings body towards homeostasis

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3
Q

positive feedback loop

A

brings body away from homeostasis

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4
Q

hormones regulate through

A

negative feedback

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5
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete products that eventually leave the body

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6
Q

Endocrine glands

A

secrete products that enter the blood stream

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7
Q

pineal gland

A

regulates sleep cycles

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8
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls the release of hormones from pituitary gland

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9
Q

thyroid gland

A

produces T4 & T3
regulates metabolism
produces calcitonin

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10
Q

parathyroid gland

A

produces PTH that raises blood calcium

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11
Q

adrenal gland

A

produces cortisol
regulates metabolism & stress respones
produces aldosterone

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12
Q

aldosterone

A

regulates sodium & water balance

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13
Q

pancreas

A

produces insulin and glucagon

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14
Q

insulin

A

lowers blood sugar
is produced by beta cells

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15
Q

glucagon

A

raises blood sugar
is produced by alpha cells

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16
Q

Testes (male)

A

produce testosterone

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17
Q

ovaries

A

produce estrogen and progesterone

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18
Q

Non target hormone

A

affects main cells in body

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19
Q

target hormone

A

affect specific body cells

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20
Q

Tropic

A

Target hormones that stimulate endocrine gland

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21
Q

water soluble hormones

A

protein based hormones such as insulin, hGh, & epinephrine bind to receptors outside of cell

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22
Q

fat soluble hormone

A

dissolves in fat rather than water, can pass through cells, ex. steroid hormones

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23
Q

Pituitary gland

A

releases tropic hormones that control other endocrine gland

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24
Q

where does posterior pituitary receive nerve signals from and what type

A

hypothalamus as nerve signals

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25
Q

Posterior pituitary releases

A

ADH in kidneys and oxytocin in uterus and mammary glands

26
Q

where does anterior pituitary receive nerve signals from and what type

A

sends releases hormones as signals

27
Q

Anterior pituitary releases

A

hGh, ATCH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL

28
Q

pancreas is both

A

exo and endo gland

29
Q

beta cells

A

produce insulin

30
Q

alpha cells

A

produce glucagon

31
Q

Glucagon

A

when theres extra glucose in blood, body stores is at glucagon in liver & muscles which can be used for energy later

32
Q

blood sugar levels are controlled by

A

pancreas and adrenal glands

33
Q

glucose levels in homeostasis

A

5 mmol/L

34
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

where a person consistantly has elevated blood sugar levels

35
Q

effects of diabetes mellitus

A

-damages tissue
- impacts kidneys ability to absorb water
- glucose in urine increases, increasing urine volume and causing dehydration

36
Q

diabetes mellitus Symptoms

A

-thirst
-tiredness
-craving sugary drinks

37
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

can’t produce insulin so glucose can’t removed = glucose stays in blood stream causing high BS

38
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

too much insulin cause insulin receptors to stop working = glucose not being removed from BS

39
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

temporary, occurs during pregnancy

40
Q

Diabetes inspididus

A

not enough ADH or kidneys don’t dont respond to ADH

41
Q

Diabetes inspididus effect

A

excessive urination without affecting blood sugar

42
Q

Diabetes inspididus treatment

A

synthetic ADH

43
Q

metabolism requires what type of process

A

chemical process

44
Q

thyroid gland

A

controls rate of CR

45
Q

High metabolic rate in thyroid

A

supports protein synthesis, growth and increase body heat production

46
Q

direct response

A

hypothalamus and pituitary are not part of it

47
Q

calcitonin

A

lowers blood calcium levels, helps store more calcium in bones, and reduces how much is absorbed by kidneys

48
Q

PTH

A

raises blood calcium levels, takes out calcium from bones, and increases how much is absorbed by kidneys

49
Q

if water obsorbtion increases

A

urine is more concentrated and blood is more dilute

50
Q

cortisol

A

breaks down muscle and fat cells, raises blood sugar, suppresses immune system

51
Q

Aldosterone

A

increases sodium reabsorption in kidneys, raises BP

52
Q

target site for high blood sugar and feedback

A
53
Q

target site for low blood sugar and feedback

A
54
Q

target site for decreased metabolism and feedback

A
55
Q

target site for high blood calcium and feedback

A
56
Q

target site for low blood calcium and feedback

A
57
Q

target site for human growth hormone and feedback

A
58
Q

target site for dehydration and feedback

A
59
Q

target site for short term stress and feedback

A
60
Q

target site for long term stress and feedback

A

bio 30 unit 2 (4 decks)

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