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bio 30 unit 2 > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

CNS

A

brain + spinal cord
Sensory neurons
signals from receptors to CNS

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2
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nerves
motor neurons
signals from CNS to effectors

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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Automatic functions (like heartbeat and breathing).

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary actions (things you decide to do).

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5
Q

Sympathetic division

A

Controls “Fight or Flight” response (stress response).

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6
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Conserves energy
Rest + Digest

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

medulla oblongata

A

connects spinal cord to brain
involuntary movement

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9
Q

pons

A

brain to spinal cord
sleeping breathing

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10
Q

cerebellum

A

balance, limb movement etc,
motor movements

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11
Q

mid brain

A

eye and ear reflexes
activates forebrain

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12
Q

cerebrum

A

learning, memory and emotions

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13
Q

frontal lobe

A

motor, personality, intelligence

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14
Q

Parietal lobe

A

touch taste temperature, pain

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15
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, smell, memory

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16
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

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17
Q

hypothalamus

A

bodies control center, controls basic needs, behaviour emotion, hunger, thirst etc

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18
Q

SNS

A

controls voluntary actions

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19
Q

ANS

A

works automatically without doing it on porpose

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20
Q

sympathetic division

A

fight or flight prepares body for action in stressful situations

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21
Q

parasympathetic division

A

rest and digest

22
Q

white matter

A

myelinated, sends signals quickly inside the brain and outside the spinal cord.

23
Q

gray matter

A

unmyelinated, outside the brain and inside the spinal cord; slower signals.

24
Q
A
25
Q
A
26
Q

function of spinal cord

A

Sends messages between the brain and body and controls reflexes.

26
Q

spinal cord has

A

sensory neurons
motor neurons
Interneurons

26
Q

reflex pathway acronym

A

SSIMMR

27
Q

dendrites

A

bring info to neauron

28
Q

role of body cell in neuron

A

holds main part of cell

29
Q

Axon

A

sends signal to next cell

30
Q

myelin sheath

A

covers axon and helps signals move faster

31
Q

synapse

A

gap between neurons where signals pass

32
Q

motor neuron

A

sends signals from CNS to muscle or glands

33
Q

sensory neuron

A

Brings signals from body sensors to the CNS.

34
Q

interneuron

A

neuron that connects other neurons within the CNS.

35
Q

neuron

A

sends electrical signals in the body

36
Q

glial cell

A

supports and keeps neurons healthy

37
Q

sensory (afferent) neuron

A

carries information from sensory receptors in the PNS to the CNS.

38
Q

motor (efferent) neuron

A

carries info from the CNS to muscles or glands (effectors) to cause a response.

39
Q

effector

A

A muscle or gland that responds to signals from motor neurons.

40
Q

action potential

A

nerve impulse caused by changes in electrical charge inside the neuron.

41
Q

phases of an action potential?

A

Resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, and return to resting potential. RDRHR

42
Q

depolarization

A

Sodium (Na+) channels open, allowing Na+ to enter the cell, making the inside more positive.

43
Q

repolarization

A

Potassium (K+) channels open, allowing K+ to leave the cell, which makes the inside more negative again.

44
Q

hyperpolarization

A

cell becomes more negative than the resting potential due to excess K+ leaving.

45
Q

What restores the neuron to resting potential?

A

sodium-potassium pump, which moves Na+ out and K+ in.

46
Q

What is the “All or None” response?

A

Neurons either fully respond with an action potential or not at all, depending on whether they reach the threshold.

47
Q

refractory period?

A

short time after an action potential when a neuron cannot respond to another stimulus.

48
Q

How does an action potential move along a neuron?

A

goes along the axon as a wave of depolarization, jumping between nodes of Ranvier in myelinated neurons

49
Q

What makes nerve impulses travel faster?

A

Myelination, which allows impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier, speeding up conduction.

50
Q
A

bio 30 unit 2 (4 decks)

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