Nervous system part 1 Flashcards
The central nervous system is made up of two parts:
Brain and spinal chord
Brain location
Inside the skull (head)
Spinal cord location
Inside the vertebrae of your neck and back that make up the spinal column
Vertebrae
back bones
Brain protected y
The brain is protected by the bones of the
skull.
Spinal cord protected by
The spine is protected by the bones of your vertebrae which go from the top of your neck to the bottom of your back. The spine attaches to the brain at the base (bottom) of the brain.
Brainstem
The brain stem connects the brain with the spinal cord. It controls hunger and thirst and some of the most basic body functions, like body temperature, blood pressure, and breathing.
Nervous system
Your nervous system plays a role in
everything you do.
The three main parts of your nervous system
are your brain, spinal cord and nerves.
It helps you move, think and feel.
It even regulates the things you do but don’t
think about like digestion.
The brain
The CNS’s role is to control what happens in
your body.
The brain is the main control system (“the
control centre”). It takes the information it
receives from your senses and your body and
analyzes that information.
It also makes decisions on what to do with the
information it receives and sends messages
back to the body to help control its functions.
Movement
(frontal lobe of cerebrum / cerebellum)
Thinking?
frontal lobe
breathing
brain stem, medula oblongata
Speaking
frontal lobe, cerebrum
Growing?
pituitary gland
Temperature?
hypothalamus, brain stem
Memory?
frontal/temporal lobe, cerebrum
Vision?
occipital lobe
Balance?
cerebellum
Pons
movement of face
Parietal lobe
processes info about temperature while the hypothalamus regulates it
Forebrain
The forebrain is the largest and most complex part of the brain. It is divided into three
main parts, that are the cerebrum — the area with all the folds and grooves typically seen
in pictures of the brain — , as well as other structures under it (not shown, like the
thalamus and hypothalamus).
Cerebral hemispheres
The right hemisphere of
your brain controls the left
side of your body.
The left hemisphere of your
brain controls the right side
of your body.
Some functions (like
thinking, moving and
feeling) are controlled by
both.
Left side
Math, science, writing, language
Right side
Art, Music, Creativity, Reading, Spatial orientation
Label the parts of the brain
Which of the following is a genetic (inherited) disease that causes
nerve cells (neurons) in the brain to gradually waste away (break
down) and die?
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Polio
C. Encephalitis
D. Huntington disease
D
Which disease or disorder results when the neurons in the brain
that produce dopamine die?
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Lou Gehrig disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
C. Parkinson disease
D. Seizure disorder
C
A common neurological disorder where a blood clot results in
improper oxygen delivery to the brain is known as a
Epilepsy
Parkinson’s
Multiple sclerosis
Stroke
D
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by:
Rapid muscle contractions
Demyelination of nerve fibers
Excessive dopamine production
Impaired vision
B
Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects which part of the
brain?
Cerebellum
b) Hippocampus
c) Brainstem
d) Corpus callosum
A
Hippocampus
The hippocampus is embedded deep in the temporal lobe.
It has a major role in learning and memory.
Brain
The central nervous system’s role is to control
almost everything that happens to your body.
The brain is the main control system.
It takes the information it receives from your senses
and your body and analyzes that information.
It also makes decisions on what to do with the
information it receives and sends messages back to
the body to help control its functions.
Spinal cord
“By the end of this lesson, I will be able to…explain the role of the
central nervous system and describe the functions of the brain and
the spinal cord.”
The spinal cord is the communication system
that sends the information from the body to the
brain and from the brain back to the body.
It can also make some simple, quick decisions
that don’t need to be analyzed by the brain.
These are called reflexes.
Brain major functions
Analyze information coming from the body
Make decisions
Think and remember
Keep the body alive
Send out instructions to other parts of the body
Spinal cord functions
Relay information from the body to the brain
Relay information from the brain to the body
Reflexes
The Nervous system
Your nervous system plays a role in everything you do.
The three main parts of your nervous system are your brain, spinal cord and nerves.
It helps you move, think and feel.
It even regulates the things you do but don’t think about like digestion.
What are the four lobes and spot them
The cerebral cortex is divided into 4 lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe.
The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the.
cortex
Frontal Lobe
Thinking
Speaking
Memory
Movement
Temporal lobe
Hearing
Learning
Feelings
Brain stem
Breathing
Heart rate
Temperature
Parietal lobe
Language
Touch
Occipital lobe
Vision
Color perception
Cerebellum
Balance coordination
Cerebrum
The cerebrum contains the information that essentially makes you who you are: your intelligence, memory, personality, emotion, speech, and ability to feel and move.
Parts of the brain stem
The brain stem includes the medulla oblongata as well as the midbrain and pons.
What is a neuron?
Neurons are nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking.
What are the three main parts of a neuron?
Three main parts of a neuron are: the cell body, the dendrites, and the axon.
Label the neuron
Nerve impulse
The nerve impulse often starts at the dendrites, goes through the cell body, and then passes through the axon.
Dendrite → Cell body → Axon
To ensure a fast and reliable transfer of information, the nerve is surrounded by an insulating coat/layer (called the myelin sheath).
Synapse
The end of the axon almost touches the next nerve cell. The tiny space between two neurons that are connected is called a synapse.
Axon terminal
The end of the axon (axon terminal) releases chemicals called neurotransmitters that diffuse across the synapse and touch the dendrite of another cell to pass messages along.
Recap
To recap: the neuron transmits information using electrochemical signals (in the form of neurotransmitters which are known as chemical messengers).
Nerves
A group of neurons that are connected and carry information from one part of the body to another is called a nerve.
The neurons are lined up one behind the other throughout the length of the nerve.
The neurons pass the nerve’s electrical signal from one neuron to the next until the signal has traveled the entire length of the nerve.
Nerves are like cables that carry electrical impulses between your brain and the rest of your body.
These impulses help you feel sensations and move your muscles. They also maintain certain autonomic functions like breathing, sweating or digesting food.
Autonomic
Autonomic = involuntary or unconscious (we don’t have to think about doing it)
