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Science and Technology > Nervous system part 1 > Flashcards

Nervous system part 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The central nervous system is made up of two parts:

A

Brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

Brain location

A

Inside the skull (head)

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3
Q

Spinal cord location

A

Inside the vertebrae of your neck and back that make up the spinal column

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4
Q

Vertebrae

A

back bones

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5
Q

Brain protected y

A

The brain is protected by the bones of the
skull.

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6
Q

Spinal cord protected by

A

The spine is protected by the bones of your vertebrae which go from the top of your neck to the bottom of your back. The spine attaches to the brain at the base (bottom) of the brain.

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7
Q

Brainstem

A

The brain stem connects the brain with the spinal cord. It controls hunger and thirst and some of the most basic body functions, like body temperature, blood pressure, and breathing.

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8
Q

Nervous system

A

Your nervous system plays a role in
everything you do.

The three main parts of your nervous system
are your brain, spinal cord and nerves.

It helps you move, think and feel.

It even regulates the things you do but don’t
think about like digestion.

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9
Q

The brain

A

The CNS’s role is to control what happens in
your body.

The brain is the main control system (“the
control centre”). It takes the information it
receives from your senses and your body and
analyzes that information.

It also makes decisions on what to do with the
information it receives and sends messages
back to the body to help control its functions.

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10
Q

Movement

A

(frontal lobe of cerebrum / cerebellum)

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11
Q

Thinking?

A

frontal lobe

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12
Q

breathing

A

brain stem, medula oblongata

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13
Q

Speaking

A

frontal lobe, cerebrum

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14
Q

Growing?

A

pituitary gland

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15
Q

Temperature?

A

hypothalamus, brain stem

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16
Q

Memory?

A

frontal/temporal lobe, cerebrum

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17
Q

Vision?

A

occipital lobe

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18
Q

Balance?

A

cerebellum

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19
Q

Pons

A

movement of face

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20
Q

Parietal lobe

A

processes info about temperature while the hypothalamus regulates it

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21
Q

Forebrain

A

The forebrain is the largest and most complex part of the brain. It is divided into three
main parts, that are the cerebrum — the area with all the folds and grooves typically seen
in pictures of the brain — , as well as other structures under it (not shown, like the
thalamus and hypothalamus).

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22
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

The right hemisphere of
your brain controls the left
side of your body.
The left hemisphere of your
brain controls the right side
of your body.
Some functions (like
thinking, moving and
feeling) are controlled by
both.

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23
Q

Left side

A

Math, science, writing, language

24
Q

Right side

A

Art, Music, Creativity, Reading, Spatial orientation

25
Q

Label the parts of the brain

A
26
Q

Which of the following is a genetic (inherited) disease that causes
nerve cells (neurons) in the brain to gradually waste away (break
down) and die?

A. Multiple sclerosis

B. Polio

C. Encephalitis

D. Huntington disease

A

D

27
Q

Which disease or disorder results when the neurons in the brain
that produce dopamine die?

A. Multiple sclerosis

B. Lou Gehrig disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

C. Parkinson disease

D. Seizure disorder

A

C

28
Q

A common neurological disorder where a blood clot results in
improper oxygen delivery to the brain is known as a

Epilepsy

Parkinson’s

Multiple sclerosis

Stroke

A

D

29
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by:

Rapid muscle contractions

Demyelination of nerve fibers

Excessive dopamine production

Impaired vision

A

B

30
Q

Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects which part of the
brain?

Cerebellum

b) Hippocampus

c) Brainstem

d) Corpus callosum

A

A

31
Q

Hippocampus

A

The hippocampus is embedded deep in the temporal lobe.

It has a major role in learning and memory.

32
Q

Brain

A

The central nervous system’s role is to control
almost everything that happens to your body.

The brain is the main control system.

It takes the information it receives from your senses
and your body and analyzes that information.

It also makes decisions on what to do with the
information it receives and sends messages back to
the body to help control its functions.

33
Q

Spinal cord

A

“By the end of this lesson, I will be able to…explain the role of the
central nervous system and describe the functions of the brain and
the spinal cord.”

The spinal cord is the communication system
that sends the information from the body to the
brain and from the brain back to the body.

It can also make some simple, quick decisions
that don’t need to be analyzed by the brain.

These are called reflexes.

34
Q

Brain major functions

A

Analyze information coming from the body
Make decisions
Think and remember
Keep the body alive
Send out instructions to other parts of the body

35
Q

Spinal cord functions

A

Relay information from the body to the brain
Relay information from the brain to the body
Reflexes

36
Q

The Nervous system

A

Your nervous system plays a role in everything you do.

The three main parts of your nervous system are your brain, spinal cord and nerves.

It helps you move, think and feel.

It even regulates the things you do but don’t think about like digestion.

37
Q

What are the four lobes and spot them

A

The cerebral cortex is divided into 4 lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe.

38
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the.

A

cortex

39
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Thinking
Speaking
Memory
Movement

40
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing
Learning
Feelings

41
Q

Brain stem

A

Breathing
Heart rate
Temperature

42
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Language
Touch

43
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision
Color perception

44
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance coordination

45
Q

Cerebrum

A

The cerebrum contains the information that essentially makes you who you are: your intelligence, memory, personality, emotion, speech, and ability to feel and move.

46
Q

Parts of the brain stem

A

The brain stem includes the medulla oblongata as well as the midbrain and pons.

47
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Neurons are nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking.

48
Q

What are the three main parts of a neuron?

A

Three main parts of a neuron are: the cell body, the dendrites, and the axon.

49
Q

Label the neuron

A
50
Q

Nerve impulse

A

The nerve impulse often starts at the dendrites, goes through the cell body, and then passes through the axon.

Dendrite → Cell body → Axon

To ensure a fast and reliable transfer of information, the nerve is surrounded by an insulating coat/layer (called the myelin sheath).

51
Q

Synapse

A

The end of the axon almost touches the next nerve cell. The tiny space between two neurons that are connected is called a synapse.

52
Q

Axon terminal

A

The end of the axon (axon terminal) releases chemicals called neurotransmitters that diffuse across the synapse and touch the dendrite of another cell to pass messages along.

53
Q

Recap

A

To recap: the neuron transmits information using electrochemical signals (in the form of neurotransmitters which are known as chemical messengers).

54
Q

Nerves

A

A group of neurons that are connected and carry information from one part of the body to another is called a nerve.

The neurons are lined up one behind the other throughout the length of the nerve.

The neurons pass the nerve’s electrical signal from one neuron to the next until the signal has traveled the entire length of the nerve.
Nerves are like cables that carry electrical impulses between your brain and the rest of your body.

These impulses help you feel sensations and move your muscles. They also maintain certain autonomic functions like breathing, sweating or digesting food.

55
Q

Autonomic

A

Autonomic = involuntary or unconscious (we don’t have to think about doing it)

56
Q
A

Science and Technology (11 decks)

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