Immunity III Flashcards
Primary lymphoid organs
These organs include the bone marrow and the thymus. They create special immune system cells called lymphocytes.
Secondary lymphoid organs
These organs include the lymph nodes, the
spleen, the tonsils and certain tissue
Antibiotics
Cure disease by killing or injuring bacteria.
Only treat bacterial infections, not viral infections (like the common cold).
There are specific antibiotics for specific types of bacterial infections.
Probiotics
In addition to killing bad bacteria, antibiotics can also attack the good bacteria in the
body.
This is why people taking antibiotics are encouraged to consume probiotics to
replenish the body’s good bacteria.
Vitamins, Minerals, & Immune
Function
minerals—including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium,
and zinc—is important for proper immune function, and clinical deficiencies of
these nutrients weaken immunity and can increase susceptibility to infections.
Cells that ingest pathogens are
plasma cells
phagocytic cells
helper T cells
antibodies
B
Anything that triggers an immune response is a/n
lymph cell
antigen
antibody
neutrophil
B
What do scientists call bacteria and viruses that can make people sick?
diseases
vaccines
antibodies
pathogens
D
Which of these autoimmune diseases can be cured?
A. Lupus
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. None of the above
D
Monocytes
The white blood cells that are immediately dispatched to fight infections and are the largest among the white blood cells are monocytes.
Monocytes are a type of phagocyte, meaning they can engulf and digest
foreign particles, such as bacteria and other pathogens.
Transformation monocytes to macrophages
When monocytes leave the bloodstream and enter tissues, they undergo a transformation into macrophages, which are even larger cells with enhanced phagocytic capabilities.
Macrophages
Macrophages play a critical role in the _____________ immune
response by recognizing, engulfing, and digesting pathogens.
They also help initiate and modulate (regulate) the adaptive immune response by presenting antigens to other immune cells,
such as T cells and B cells.
Types of T cells
T cells have different subsets, including helper T cells and cytotoxic
T cells.
Cytotoxic T cells
Cytotoxic T cells, also known as killer T cells, directly target and kill
infected or abnormal cells.
Helper T cells
Helper T cells assist other immune cells, including B cells, cytotoxic
T cells and macrophages by releasing signaling molecules (cytokines) which activate and enhance their functions. Unlike cytotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells don’t kill cells directly. Instead, they send signals that tell other cells in your immune system how to coordinate an attack against invaders.
