Nervous System - Part 1 Flashcards
What cells are the macrophages of the central nervous system?
Microglial cells
What cells of the nervous system remove cellular debris by phagocytosis?
Microglial cells
After a local brain injury, what type of cells will experience a massive increase?
Microglial cells
How many anatomical regions makes up the central nervous system?
Six
What does the midbrain, pons, and medulla make up?
The brain stem
What is the condition called when you are aware of and to respond to ones surroundings?
Consciousness
What is the name of what makes up the 2 major brain hemispheres?
Telencephalon
What is the role of the cerebral cortex?
Sensory integration and conscious sensory perception
What part of the telencephalon modulates the motor functions of cerebral cortex ? (planning of complex movements)
Basal ganglia
Which part of the telencephalon is responsible for memory and spatial learning?
Hippocampus
What part of the nervous system transfers and modulates information to the cerebral cortex based on input from sensory organs and other parts of the brain, to maintain homeostasis?
Diencephalon
What part of the brain makes up the thalamus and hypothalamus?
The diencephalon
What is the name of the relay station for most afferents from the eyes, ears, skin, as well as from other parts of the brain passing the information to the cerebral cortex?
Thalamus
What is name of the part of the brain that controls hormone secretions of the pituitary gland, and plays a major role in body fluid homeostasis?
Hypothalamus
The mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata all make up what part of the nervous system?
The brainstem
What part of the nervous system is responsible for conveying information between the brain and the spinal cord?
The brainstem
What contains cell bodies that control heart activity, blood pressure, and circulation; respiratory movements and digestive processes?
The brainstem
What part of the nervous system contains the substantia nigra, which is involved in the control of skeletal muscles?
Mesencephalon
What part of the nervous system contains the cell bodies and dendrites of motor neurons as well as axons carrying information from/to the brain?
The spiral cord
What part of the nervous system controls reflexes?
The spiral cord
In mammals, where does the spinal cord end?
In the lumbar region
Caudal to the end of the spinal cord, what does the vertebral canal contain?
Cauda equine
What color matter does the cell bodies and dendrites make up?
Grey matter
What color matter do the axons make up?
White matter
Action potentials generated on sensory afferents enter the spinal cord along axons in what roots?
Dorsal roots
Action potentials generated on the motor efferents exit the spinal cord along axons in what roots?
Ventral roots
What does each spinal cord segment give rise to?
One pair of spinal nerves that innervate muscles and skin in that particular body segment
What is associated with numbing of the skin within the relevant zone?
Injury to the spinal cord
