Nervous System Overview Flashcards by Ashley Banas

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.

-autonomic
-afferent
-motor
-somatic
-peripheral

Autonomic

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The afferent division of the PNS __________.

-controls skeletal muscle
-controls smooth muscle
-carries sensory information
-carries motor commands

carries sensory information

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Which division of the PNS would contain sensory nerve fibers from special sensory receptors?

-parasympathetic
-efferent
-sympathetic
-afferent

Afferent

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Bundles of axons in the central nervous system are known as

-ganglia
-horns
-tracts
-nuclei
-commissures

tracts

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The adult spinal cord typically ends between vertebrae

-T12-L1
-S5-Co1
-L5-S1
-L1-L2
-S4-S5

L1-L2

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These structures extending from the pia mater through to the dura mater support the spinal cord by preventing lateral movement.

-spinal ligaments
-cauda equina
-coccygeal ligament
-denticulate ligaments
-rami communicantes

denticulate ligaments

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The __________ is part of the central nervous system (CNS) and the __________ is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

-cranial nerve; spinal nerve
-spinal cord; spinal nerve
-spinal nerve; spinal cord
-brain; spinal cord

spinal cord; spinal nerve

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The spinal ganglia consist of __________.

-axons of sensory neurons
-axons of motor neurons
-cell bodies of motor neurons
-cell bodies of sensory neurons

cell bodies of sensory neurons

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Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord run along the surface of the

-subdural space
-epidural space
-arachnoid mater
-dura mater
-pia mater

pia mater

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The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the

-spinal mater
-cranial mater
-cranial meninges
-epidural membranes
-spinal meninges

spinal meninges

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Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

-dura mater
-filum terminal
-arachnoid mater
-subarachnoid space
-pia mater

subarachnoid space

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A posterior and anterior root of each spinal segment unite to form a

-cervical enlargement
-denticulate ligament
-spinal ganglion
-lumbar enlargement
-spinal nerve

spinal nerve

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The subdural space lies between

-the pia mater and the dura mater
-the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
-the pia mater and the subarachnoid space
-the arachnoid mater and the pia mater
-the endosteum and the periosteum

the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

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If the posterior root of a spinal nerve is severed,

-the brain would not be able to communicate with the level of the spinal cord
-output to visceral organs would be blocked
-efferent fibers would be blocked
-output to skeletal muscles would be blocked
-sensory input would be blocked

sensory input would be blocked

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The anterior root of a spinal nerve contains

-interneurons
-cell bodies of motor neurons
-axons of sensory neurons
-axons of motor neurons
-cell bodies of sensory neurons

axons of motor neurons

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The posterior root of a spinal nerve contains

-interneurons
-cell bodies of motor neurons
-axons of sensory neurons
-axons of motor neurons
-cell bodies of sensory neurons

axons of sensory neurons

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Spinal nerves are

-interneuronal
-purely sensory
-both sensory and motor
-purely motor
-involuntary

both sensory and motor

The conus medullaris region of the spinal cord is anchored to the coccygeal ligament via a strand of fibrous tissue called the

-denticulate ligament
-meningeal ligament
-dura mater
-spinal ligament
-filum terminale

filum terminale

Enlarged area of the spinal cord from which nerves to the shoulder and upper limbs arise.

-lumbar enlargement
-thoracic region
-sacral region
-cervical enlargement
-conus medullaris

cervical enlargement

Arrange the spinal meninges from innermost layer to outermost layer.

-arachnoid mater, pia mater, dura mater
-dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
-dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
-pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
-pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

The __________ gray horns contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei.

-anterior
-intermediate
-posterior
-lateral

posterior

Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the

-dura mater
-subarachnoid space
-cerebral ventricles
-arachnoid mater
-epidural space

subarachnoid space

Tom is a football player who gets hit hard from behind along his spine. About a week later, he is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, an infection of the CSF carried through the bloodstream. Given that the infection was associated with blood, which hypothesis is most likely to have occurred?

-There was a rupture of blood vessels attached to the arachnoid mater that allowed the bacterial contamination to occur.
-The dura mater was torn, which allowed extracellular fluid into the spinal cord.
-The pia matter tore away from the spinal cord, damaging the associated blood vessels, which leaked into the subarachnoid space.
-The infection was spread through the spinal nerves.

The pia matter tore away from the spinal cord, damaging the associated blood vessels, which leaked into the subarachnoid space.

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

-neuron cell bodies
-columns
-funiculi
-meninges
-nerve tracts

neuron cell bodies

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the -posterior gray horns -white commissures -lateral gray horns -anterior gray horns -gray commissures

gray commissures

The large anterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly -somatic sensory nuclei -visceral sensory nuclei -sympathetic nuclei -visceral motor nuclei -somatic motor nuclei

somatic motor nuclei

The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly -neuroglia -myelinated axons -unmyelinated axons -Schwann cells -nodes of Ranvier

myelinated axons

Bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord. As a result, which of the following would you expect? -problems with moving his arms -problems moving his legs -uncontrollable sweating of his feet -inability to breathe -loss of sensation in his torso

loss of sensation in his torso

Which nerve plexus innervates the muscles of the neck and diaphragm? -brachial -lumbar -thoracic -cervical

cervical

The region of the body surface monitored by a pair of spinal nerves is known as a __________. -segment -dermatome -input domain -dermal band

dermatome

If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he -would be in a coma -could walk without difficulty -might be unable to breathe on his own -would have difficulty chewing and moving the tongue -would have full range of motion in all extremities

might be unable to breathe on his own

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the -subneurium -epineurium -metaneurium -perineurium -endoneurium

endoneurium

A viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn will -interfere with position sense -block autonomic regulation -mainly interfere with crude touch and temperature sense -lead to skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis -affect visceral motor function

lead to skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis

The ________ innervates the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs. -white rami communicantes -posterior rami -gray rami communicantes -dermatomes -anterior rami

anterior rami

Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles. -intercostal -facial -abdominal -shoulder -leg

leg

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the -endosteum -perineurium -epimysium -endoneurium -epineurium

perineurium

Nerve plexuses are formed by interconnecting branches of the -posterior root -posterior rami -anterior rami -anterior root -white rami communicans

anterior rami

A reflex arc always includes a(n) __________. -motor neuron -sensory neuron -sensory receptor -All of the listed responses are correct

All of the listed responses are correct

In a spinal reflex, information flows from __________ to __________ to __________. -receptor; spinal cord; peripheral effector -spinal cord; peripheral effector; brain -receptor; sensory neuron; spinal cord -spinal cord; brain; receptor

receptor; spinal cord; peripheral effector

All of the following are true of neural reflexes except that they -involve at least two neurons -are the simplest form of behavior -are automatic motor responses -cannot be modified by the brain -help preserve homeostasis

cannot be modified by the brain

What are the four ways reflexes can be classified? (Figure 13-15) -dorsal, ventral, lateral, central -development, response, complexity, processing site -flexor, extensor, crossed extensor, withdrawal -somatic, muscle, visceral, autonomic -monosynaptic, polysynaptic, monosegmental, polysegmental

development, response, complexity, processing site