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Anatomy Exam 3 > Ch. 14 (end) and 15 > Flashcards

Ch. 14 (end) and 15 Flashcards

1
Q

The thalamus is often called the “air traffic controller” of the brain because it

-determines what can enter the brain from the blood.
-determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.
-controls reflexes.
-passes motor information onto the cerebellum.
-controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response.

A

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.

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2
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the pineal gland?

-It controls heart rate and blood pressure.
-It is part of the hypothalamus and secretes oxytocin.
-It is part of the limbic system.
-It is part of the thalamus.
-It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin.

A

It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin.

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3
Q

When a memory brings about a strong emotional response, this is made possible by the __________ of the limbic system.

-pineal gland
-fornix
-hippocampus
-amygdala

A

amygdala

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4
Q

The primary somatosensory cortex is found on the __________.

-frontal lobe
-precentral gyrus
-cingulate gyrus
-postcentral gyrus

A

postcentral gyrus

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5
Q

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.

-intercalated
-motor
-association
-cranial
-sensory

A

association

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6
Q

In most cases, the general interpretive center and the speech center are located in

-the cerebellum.
-the left cerebral hemisphere.
-both of the cerebral hemispheres.
-the right cerebral hemisphere.
-neither of the cerebral hemispheres.

A

the left cerebral hemisphere.

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7
Q

The basal nuclei

-initiate voluntary muscle activity.
-control the secretions of the pituitary gland.
-coordinate sensory information.
-provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking.
-control respiration and blood pressure.

A

provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking.

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8
Q

Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to

-understand written words.
-understand visual images.
-sense the texture of velvet.
-understand spoken words.
-play the piano.

A

play the piano.

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9
Q

________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech.

-Terminal
-Integrative
-Frontal
-Vocal
-Communication

A

Integrative

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10
Q

A person with a damaged visual association area may be

-able to see letters but unable to associate them with words.
-unable to recognize letters but able to identify whole words and their meanings.
-unable to understand spoken words.
-declared legally blind.
-unable to see rows of letters.

A

able to see letters but unable to associate them with words.

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11
Q

The highest levels of information processing occur in the

-diencephalon
-cerebellum
-cerebrum
-corpus callosum
-medulla oblongata

A

cerebrum

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12
Q

Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities?

-prefrontal cortex
-Brodmann area
-general interpretive area
-Broca’s area
-Wernicke’s area

A

prefrontal cortex

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13
Q

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the

-frontal lobe
-postcentral gyrus
-temporal lobe
-limbic system
-occipital lobe

A

occipital lobe

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14
Q

After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.

-left frontal
-right temporal
-occipital
-left temporal
-right frontal

A

left frontal

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15
Q

The auditory cortex is located in the

-frontal lobe.
-temporal lobe.
-parietal lobe.
-insula.
-occipital lobe.

A

temporal lobe.

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16
Q

Following a head injury, Kevin can think of the word he wants to say but cannot make his mouth form the correct sounds to produce the word. He is most likely suffering from damage to

-Wernicke’s area.
-Broca’s area.
-Brodmann’s area.
-the general interpretive area.
-the basal nuclei.

A

Broca’s area.

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17
Q

The complex integration of sensory information with visual and auditory memories occurs in this area near the auditory cortex?

-Wernicke’s area
-precentral gyrus
-somatosensory area
-premotor cortex
-Broca’s area

A

Wernicke’s area

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18
Q

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because

-digestive processes are controlled by the medulla.
-body temperature is controlled by the medulla.
-the vital centers for the control of blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.
-electrical activity originates within the medulla.
-the blood might not be able to circulate properly around the brain.

A

the vital centers for the control of blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.

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19
Q

Which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is true?

-It connects the brain and spinal cord.
-The medulla oblongata relays all communication between the brain and spinal cord.
-It coordinates complex autonomic functions.
-All of the listed responses are correct.

A

All of the listed responses are correct.

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20
Q

The cerebellum __________.

-adjusts posture
-coordinates learned movements
-has peduncles connecting to the cerebrum
-All of the listed responses are correct.

A

All of the listed responses are correct.

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21
Q

Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system?

-functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather
-functions in emotions, learning, and memory
-primarily a functional grouping
-located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon
-links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem

A

functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather

22
Q

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.

-fornix
-amygdaloid body
-mammillary bodies
-hippocampus
-cingulate gyrus

A

hippocampus

23
Q

Commissural fibers

-interconnect and allow communication between cerebral hemispheres.
-are divided by the longitudinal fissure.
-carry pain information to the correct brain structure.
-connect the frontal lobe to other lobes of the same hemisphere.
-link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon.

A

interconnect and allow communication between cerebral hemispheres.

24
Q

Which of the following nerves is purely sensory?

-trochlear
-abducens
-vagus
-optic
-hypoglossal

A

optic

25
Q

Which cranial nerve sends balance sensations to the brain?

-trigeminal
-vagus
-vestibulocochlear
-olfactory
-facial

A

vestibulocochlear

26
Q

Which cranial nerve is tested by having the patient stick out their tongue?

-glossopharyngeal
-facial
-hypoglossal
-abducens
-vagus

A

hypoglossal

27
Q

The cranial nerves that innervate the extrinsic eye muscles are

-III and V.
-III, IV, and VI.
-II, III, and IV.
-II and VI.
-I, II, and III.

A

III, IV, and VI.

28
Q

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to

-blink his eyes.
-hear your voice.
-smell his food.
-smile.
-nod his head.

A

smell his food.

29
Q

The patient has the following symptoms: change in vocal tone, problems swallowing, inability to control urination, erratic heart rate, and gastric problems. You would identify the problem as being related to the

-accessory nerve.
-vagus nerve.
-trigeminal nerve.
-abducens nerve.
-hypoglossal nerve.

A

vagus nerve.

30
Q

Describe the receptive field. (Figure 15-2)

-The areas of the brain that process the receptor stimuli.
-The overlap where many receptors detect stimuli.
-The area receptive to stimuli monitored by a single receptor cell.
-The distance the generator potential travels after receptor stimulation.
-The distance covered by action potentials after receptor stimulation.

A

The area receptive to stimuli monitored by a single receptor cell.

31
Q

General sense receptors are typically the

-dendrites of motor neurons.
-cell bodies of sensory neurons.
-dendrites of sensory neurons.
-axons of motor neurons.
-axons of sensory neurons.

A

dendrites of sensory neurons.

32
Q

Your brain is not constantly bombarded with signals telling it that you are wearing socks. This is because the touch receptors around your ankle are

-phasic receptors and fast-adapting.
-tonic receptors.
-phasic receptors and slow-adapting.
-nociceptors.
-tonic receptors and slow-adapting.

A

phasic receptors and fast-adapting.

33
Q

The conversion of a sensory input to a change in membrane potential in the receptor is known as

-effection.
-transduction.
-potential.
-reception.
-stimulation.

A

transduction.

34
Q

A reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus is referred to as

-transduction.
-adaptation.
-exhaustion.
-transformation.
-negation.

A

adaptation.

35
Q

How do we become aware of the sensation of touch?

-General sensory receptors send information to the appropriate nuclei in the brainstem.
-General sensory receptors send information to the appropriate nuclei in the diencephalon.
-General sensory receptors send information to the primary somatosensory cortex.
-General sensory receptors send information to the cerebellum.

A

General sensory receptors send information to the primary somatosensory cortex.

36
Q

Receptor specificity can arise from __________.

-the presence of accessory cells
-the presence of structures that protect the receptor cell
-All of the listed responses are correct.
-the structure of the receptor cell

A

All of the listed responses are correct.

37
Q

You cannot tell when your small intestines shift position as food enters because you do not have any ________ there.

-proprioceptors
-chemoreceptors
-thermoreceptors
-photoreceptors
-nociceptors

A

proprioceptors

38
Q

Receptors in your stomach that determine when food enters because the pH changes would be classified as

-chemoreceptors.
-proprioceptors.
-mechanoreceptors.
-baroreceptors.
-nociceptors.

A

chemoreceptors.

39
Q

Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called

-baroreceptors.
-thermoreceptors.
-nociceptors.
-proprioceptors.
-chemoreceptors.

A

baroreceptors.

40
Q

We are constantly bombarded by a variety of stimuli inside and outside of our bodies. Why are we not overwhelmed by sensory information?

-A particular receptor type can have different sensitivities to different stimuli.
-We do not have receptors for most stimuli.
-A very tiny percentage of incoming sensory information is received by the cerebral cortex.
-Most stimuli are external to our bodies and we have very few exteroceptors on the outside of the body.
-Stimuli are blocked from the receptors by our immune systems.

A

A very tiny percentage of incoming sensory information is received by the cerebral cortex.

41
Q

Pain is to ________ as cold is to ________.

-baroreceptors; chemoreceptors
-chemoreceptors; nociceptors
-nociceptors; thermoreceptors
-baroreceptors; thermoreceptors
-baroreceptors; nociceptors

A

nociceptors; thermoreceptors

42
Q

Activity of neurons in the spinothalamic pathway may still send signals even if the first order sensory receptor does not receive a signal such as in amputation. This situation might cause

-phantom limb pain.
-anesthesia.
-paresthesia.
-referred pain.
-pain adaptation.

A

phantom limb pain.

43
Q

Which of these sensory modalities is NOT carried within the posterior column pathway?

-fine touch
-proprioception
-pain
-pressure

A

pain

44
Q

Which of these sensory pathways carries afferent impulses that DON’T produce perceptions?

-spinocerebellar pathway
-posterior column pathway
-spinothalamic pathway
-fasciculus gracilis

A

spinocerebellar pathway

45
Q

Proprioceptors signal all BUT __________.

-muscle tension
-joint angle
-muscle temperature
-muscle length

A

muscle temperature

46
Q

Which areas of the brain monitor and adjust the activities of the motor pathways?

-cerebellum
-pons
-basal nuclei
-basal nuclei and cerebellum
-midbrain

A

basal nuclei and cerebellum

47
Q

Descending (motor) pathways always involve at least ________ motor neuron(s).

A

2

48
Q

Motor neurons whose cell bodies are within the spinal cord are called ________ neurons.

-somesthetic
-lower motor
-upper motor
-postganglionic
-preganglionic

A

lower motor

49
Q

Upper motor neurons are located in the

-postcentral gyrus.
-cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem.
-brain stem.
-spinal cord.
-precentral gyrus.

A

cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem.

50
Q

Descending tracts in the spinal cord relay ________ information.

-sensory
-sensory and motor
-motor
-autonomic
-only somatic

A

motor

Anatomy Exam 3 (3 decks)

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