Nervous System: Major Components

Question 1

What are the two parts the nervous system is divided into?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 2

What part of the nervous system consists of the brain, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord?

Answer 2

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

What are the components of the CNS?

Answer 3

Brain
Cerebellum
Spinal Cord

Question 4

What part of the nervous system consists of nerves leading to and from the CNS, including cranial nerves leaving the brain stem, and spinal roots exiting the spinal cord to form peripheral nerves?

Answer 4

Peripheral nervous system

Question 5

What are the components of the PNS?

Answer 5

Nerves leading to and from the CNS (cranial nerves leaving the brainstem and spinal roots exiting the spinal cord to form peripheral nerves)

Question 6

What type of nerves connect the CNS (brain and spinal cord) with the rest of the body to receive and share information (sensory) and control functions (motor)

Answer 6

Peripheral nerves

Question 7

What two systems is the PNS divided into?

Answer 7

Somatic (body) nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Question 8

Which system contains voluntary reactions to outside stimulation under conscious control?

Answer 8

Somatic (body) nervous system

Question 9

Which system has 31 pairs of spinal nerves to control muscle contraction and receive sensory information from the body?

Answer 9

Somatic (body) nervous system-PNS

Question 10

Which system has 12 pairs of cranial nerves (sensory or motor) with primary functions to include eye movement, smell, face/tongue sensation, innervation of SCM and trapezius?

Answer 10

somatic (body) nervous system-PNS

Question 11

What are the components of PNS-somatic (body) nervous system

Answer 11

• Voluntary reactions to outside stimulation under conscious control
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves to control muscle contraction and receive sensory information
• 12 pairs of cranial nerves (sensory or motor) with primary function of eye movement, smell, face/tongue sensation, innervation of SCM and trapezius

Question 12

Which system consists of the involuntary system with the primary function to maintain homeostasis- regulate digestion, circulation, and cardiac muscle contraction?

Answer 12

Autonomic nervous system-PNS

Question 13

Which system innervates glands, smooth (visceral) muscle, and myocardium?

Answer 13

Autonomic nervous system-PNS

Question 14

What are the components of the PNS-autonomic nervous system?

Answer 14

• Involuntary system; primary function is to maintain homeostasis- regulates digestion, circulation, and cardiac muscle contraction
• Innervates glands, smooth (visceral) muscle, and myocardium

Question 15

How does the nervous system communicate for the body?

Answer 15

Nerve cells

Question 16

What are the two types of nerve cells?

Answer 16

Neurons

Neuroglia

Question 17

What nerve cells transmit nerve impulses?

Answer 17

Neurons

Question 18

What nerve cells is non-neuronal supporting cells that provide critical services for neurons?

Answer 18

Neuroglia

Question 19

What are the subtypes of neurons?

Answer 19

Afferent (sensory) neurons
Interneurons
Efferent (motor) neurons

Question 20

What type of neuron receives sensory input from periphery of the body and transports it to the CNS (conduct information toward the CNS from muscles, skin, joints, viscera) and include touch, pain, heat and cold, vibration, proprioception, stereognosis (identify object by touch without vision), sound, light, taste, etc?

Answer 20

Afferent (sensory) neurons

Question 21

What is the function of the afferent (sensory) neuron

Answer 21

receives sensory input from periphery of the body and transports it to the CNS (conduct information toward the CNS from muscles, skin, joints, viscera) and include touch, pain, heat and cold, vibration, proprioception, stereognosis (identify object by touch without vision), sound, light, taste, etc?

Question 22

What neuron connects neurons to other neurons that organize information from many different sources for later interpretation?

Answer 22

Interneurons

Question 23

What is the function of interneurons?

Answer 23

To connect the neurons to other neurons that organize information from many different sources for later interpretation

Question 24

What neuron conducts away from the CNS and transmits information to the extremities to signal muscles to produce movement?

Answer 24

Efferent (motor) neuron

Question 25

What is the function of the efferent (motor) neuron?

Answer 25

conducts away from the CNS and transmit information to the extremities to signal muscles to produce movement

Question 26

What are the subtypes of neuroglia?

Answer 26

Astrocytes Oligodendrites Microglia

Question 27

Which neuroglia maintains capillary endothelial and provides a vascular link to neurons and also contributes to metabolism of CNS and regulate concentrations of neurotransmitters?

Answer 27

Astrocytes

Question 28

What is the function of astrocytes (neuroglia)?

Answer 28

Maintains capillary endothelium thus providing a vascular link to neurons and also contributes to metabolism and regulates concentrations of neurotransmitters

Question 29

Which neuroglia wraps myelin sheaths around axons in white matter and produce satellite cells in the gray matter that participate in ion exchange between neurons?

Answer 29

Oligodendrites

Question 30

What is the function of oligodendrites- neuroglia?

Answer 30

Wraps myelin sheaths around axons in white matter and produce satellite cells in gray matter that participate in ion exchange between neurons

Question 31

Which neuroglia consists of phagocytes of the CNS because they engulf and digest pathogens and assist with nervous system repair after injury?

Answer 31

Microglia

Question 32

What is the function of the microglia- neuroglia?

Answer 32

They're the phagocytes of the CNS because they engulf and digest pathogens and assist with the nervous system repair after injury

Question 33

What are the neuron structures?

Answer 33

Dendrites Cell Body Axons

Question 34

Which neuron structure function to receive information and transfers it to the cell body and bringing impulses into the cell body from other neurons?

Answer 34

Dendrites

Question 35

Which neuron structure is composed of nucleus and various organelles?

Answer 35

Cell body

Question 36

Which neuron structure processes information it receives, synthesizes proteins and supports functional activities of the neuron such as transmitting electrochemical impulses and repairing cells?

Answer 36

Cell body

Question 37

Which neuron structure functions as the message-sending component of the nerve cell extending from the cell body and is responsible for transmitting impulses from the cell body to target cells (muscle, glands, and other neurons)

Answer 37

Axons

Question 38

Which neuron structure can be myelinated (faster) and unmyelinated (slower)?

Answer 38

Axon

Question 39

What is a lipid/protein that encases and insulates the axon?

Answer 39

Myelin

Question 40

What increases the speed of impulse conduction but is not continuous causing electrical impulses to jump from one node (nodes of Ranvier) to the next via saltatory conduction?

Answer 40

Myelin sheath

Question 41

What is the space between the axons of one neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron; allows neurons to communicate with each other?

Answer 41

Synapse

Question 42

Describe the electrochemical reaction at the synapse

Answer 42

A neurotransmitter is released in response to an electrical action potential that travels down the nerve (axon)

Question 43

What typically happens to patients with CNS pathology?

Answer 43

Often on drugs that affect the neurotransmitters by either inhibiting or facilitating neurotransmitter activity

Question 44

What are the common neurotransmitters?

Answer 44

acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine

Question 45

What has axons that have a high concentrations of myelin appearing white because of the fat in the myelin; found in the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 45

White matter

Question 46

What consists of the cell bodies and dendrites grouped together in the CNS; those with similar functions are grouped together and called nuclei; covers the entire cerebrum (cerebral cortex); also found in the spinal cord?

Answer 46

Gray matter

Question 47

What are tracts?

Answer 47

Bundles of axons

Question 48

How are fiber tracts named?

Answer 48

Upon their origin and destination

Question 49

What are the different types of fiber tracts?

Answer 49

- Afferent (bringing sensory information to the brain) | - Efferent (take motor messages to smooth and skeletal muscles of the body)