Nervous system intro: Brachial Plexus I Flashcards
Name the major components of the nervous system
CNS, PNS, ANS
What structures make up the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What structures make up the PNS?
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What structures make up the ANS?
Sympathetic and para sympathetic
Name characteristics of the CNS
- unpaired, bilaterally symmetrical structures extending along the longitudinal axis of the midsagittal plane of the body
- structures arising directly from the neural tube
Name characteristics of the PNS
made up of transmission pathways carrying information between CNS and external/internal environments
-includes afferent and efferent pathways
What is the main function of CNS and PNS
Sensory
motor
cognitive
What does the PNS include?
Cranial nerves (12 pairs) Spinal nerves (31 pairs) -sensory receptors in skin and wall of gut tube as well as in tendons and skeletal muscles -motor end plates between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers
Name characteristics of ANS
- may be considered a subdivision of the PNS
- entirely motor
- Innervates smooth muscle and glands
Name the ANS subdivisions
Sympathetic system
parasympathetic system
What is the sympathetic system?
- fight or flight
- also called the thoracolumbar
What is the parasympathetic system
- feed and breed
- also called the craniosacral
Describe the general development pattern of the CNS
Neural plate
neural folds
neural tube
list the major derivatives from the cranial end of the neural tube
Tripartite brain
pentapartite brain
Name the parts of the Tripartite brain
prosencephalon- telencephalon and diencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon- metencephalon and myelencephalon
name the parts of the telencephalon primordia
lumina-lateral ventricles (I,II)
Floor- basal ganglia (nuclei) and olfactory lobes and nerves
Roof- cerebral hemispheres
Name the parts of the Diencephalon primordia
lumen- third ventricle
roof-epithalamus
walls-thalamus
floor-hypothalamus and infundibulum
Name the parts of the mesencephalon primordia
lumen-cerebral aqueducts
roof- tectum
floor- tegmentum
name the parts of the mesencephalon primordia
lumen- part of fourth ventricle
roof-cerebellum
floor-pons
name the parts of the myencephalon primordia
lumen- rest of fourth ventricle
main part- medulla oblongata
roof- posterior choroid plexus
What is the terminology for the spinal cord
ependymal zone=ventricular zone
mantle layer= intermediate zone
what is the nucleus when discussing the nervous system?
aggregation of dendrites and nerve cell bodies in the CNS
what is a ganglion when discussing the nervous system?
aggregation of dendrites and nerve cell bodies in the PNS
what is a nerve when discussing the nervous system?
bundle of fibers (axons) in the PNS
what is a tract when discussing the nervous system?
bundle of fibers (axons) in the CNS
what is a commissure when discussing the nervous system?
tract in the CNS that crosses from one side to the other
what is the white matter when discussing the nervous system?
areas of myelinated axons
what is the gray matter when discussing the nervous system?
areas of unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, and dendrites
Spinal nerve branches consists of what?
-dorsal primary ramus ventral primary ramus -ramus recurrens -white ramus communicans -gray ramus communicans
What are the subdivisions of the spinal cord when seen as a cross-section?
Horns and columns
The horns that make up the spinal cord consist of what?
Areas of gray matter
The columns that make up the spinal cord consist of what?
Areas of white matter
