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Anatomy I > Muscle tissue and muscles > Flashcards

Muscle tissue and muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is a contraction

A

a response to a stimulus

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2
Q

types of contractions

A

isometric and isotonic

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3
Q

what is an isometric contraction

A

length of muscle does not change

-Force that you exert= force exerted on you

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4
Q

what is an isotonic contraction

A

length of muscle does change

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5
Q

What is it called when a muscle gets shorter during an isotonic contraction

A

concentric

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6
Q

What is it called when a muscle gets longer during an isotonic contraction

A

Eccentric

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7
Q

What is an agonist

A
  • muscle doing the desired action

- prime movers and assistant movers

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8
Q

What is a antagonist

A

-muscle that opposes the agonist

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9
Q

what is a synergist

A

muscle that eliminates unwanted action by the agonist

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10
Q

what is a fixator (stabilizer)

A

Muscle that stabilizes base of attachment of agonist

-when a muscle acts as a stabilizer, it usually contracts isometrically

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11
Q

what are the types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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12
Q

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

A
  • known as striated or voluntary
  • typically attached directly or indirectly t the skeletal system
  • peripheral nuclei
  • multi-nucleated
  • conducts action potential
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13
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle

A
  • known as visceral or involuntary
  • not striated
  • consists of groups of spindle shaped mono nucleated cells with centrally located nuclei
  • most commonly known with viscera= gut tube and other hollow organs
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14
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle

A
  • both skeletal and smooth
  • striated
  • involuntary
  • specialized intercellular junctions called intercalated discs
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15
Q

name the types of attachments

A

origin and insertion

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16
Q

characteristics of origin attachment

A
  • proximal

- may be fixed with regard to movement

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17
Q

characteristics of insertion attachment

A
  • distal

- more moveable

18
Q

what is the hierarchical structure of a skeletal muscle (from smallest to largest)

A 
Myofilament
myofibril 
myofiber
fascicle
muscle
19
Q

Myofilament

A

-types:
myosin (thick)
actin (thin)
-they are organized into sarcomeres

20
Q

Microfibril

A

chain of sarcomeres

21
Q

myofiber

A
  • bundle of myofibrils

- known as muscle cell

22
Q

Fascicle

A

bundle of myofibers

23
Q

muscle

A

composed of varying numbers of fascicles

24
Q

Parts of the connective tissue framework of skeletal muscle to nerve and vascular supply

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

25
Q

Endomysium

A

surrounds each muscle fiber

lies outside sarcolemma (cell membrane)

26
Q

Perimysium

A

surrounds each fascicle

27
Q

Epimysium

A

surrounds each muscle
becomes continuous with tendons
attached to periosteum

28
Q

True or false: connective tissue provides physical support and a pathway for nerves and vessels

A

True

29
Q

True or false: number of myofibers cannot be increased after birth

A

true

30
Q

True or false: the number of myofibrils cannot be increased

A

false

31
Q

What occurs during the sliding filament theory

A

I bands and H bands shorten and A band remains the same. Sliding occurs when ATPase heads of myosin attach to actin via troponin and swivel

32
Q

What is a motor unit

A

a motor unit consists of a motor neuron and all the myofibers it innervates

33
Q

how many fibers does a unit for fine control have

A

fewer fibers

34
Q

how many fibers does a unit for gross control have

A

many fibers

35
Q

When a neuron fires what happens to al of the myofibers in the motor unit

A

they all contract

36
Q

what is all or none related to

A

refers to a motor unit contracting fully or not at all

37
Q

how are muscle fibers classified

A

based on endurance and speed of contraction

38
Q

what are the types of muscle fibers

A

dark, slow fibers (red)

light, fast fibers (white)

39
Q

Muscle predominantly composed of dark fibers

A

soleus

  • Ducks have sark breast meat because they have to fly south for the winter so they can’t get tired easy
  • pretty good blood supply
40
Q

muscle predominantly composed of light fibers

A

gastrocnemius

-When chickens get scared they run fast but eventually get tired

41
Q

Characteristics of dark, slow fibers

A
  • Fatigue resistant
  • contract slowly (slow twitch)
  • Need oxygen
  • having large number of mitochondria
  • having a high concentration of myoglobin
  • low concentration of ATPase
42
Q

Characteristics of light, fast fibers

A
  • Fatigue easily
  • Contract rapidly (fast twitch)
  • rely on glycolysis
  • have a small number of mitochondria
  • have a low concentration of myoglobin
  • have a high concentration of ATPase

Anatomy I (4 decks)

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